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2 books about 1858-1939
Ohiyesa
Charles Eastman, Santee Sioux
Raymond Wilson
University of Illinois Press, 1983
Charles Eastman, or "Ohiyesa"
in Santee, came of age during a period of increasing tension and violence between
Native and "new" Americans. Raised to become a hunter-warrior, he
was nevertheless persuaded by his Christianized father to enter the alien world
of white society. A remarkably bright student, Eastman graduated from Dartmouth
College and the Boston University School of Medicine. Later on he served as
government physician at the Pine Ridge Agency (and tended casualties at Wounded
Knee), as Indian Inspector for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and as Indian secretary
for the YMCA, and helped found the Boy Scouts of America.
Concurrently, however, he also worked
on special congressional legislation to settle Sioux claims and was a charter
member and later president of the Society of American Indians. It was his writing,
though, which most clearly established Eastman's determination to hold on to
his roots. In works such as Indian Boyhood, The Soul of the Indian, and
Indian Heroes and Chieftains he reconfirmed his native heritage and tried
to make white society aware of the Indians' contribution to American civilization.
in Santee, came of age during a period of increasing tension and violence between
Native and "new" Americans. Raised to become a hunter-warrior, he
was nevertheless persuaded by his Christianized father to enter the alien world
of white society. A remarkably bright student, Eastman graduated from Dartmouth
College and the Boston University School of Medicine. Later on he served as
government physician at the Pine Ridge Agency (and tended casualties at Wounded
Knee), as Indian Inspector for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and as Indian secretary
for the YMCA, and helped found the Boy Scouts of America.
Concurrently, however, he also worked
on special congressional legislation to settle Sioux claims and was a charter
member and later president of the Society of American Indians. It was his writing,
though, which most clearly established Eastman's determination to hold on to
his roots. In works such as Indian Boyhood, The Soul of the Indian, and
Indian Heroes and Chieftains he reconfirmed his native heritage and tried
to make white society aware of the Indians' contribution to American civilization.
[more]
They Met at Wounded Knee
The Eastmans' Story
Gretchen Cassel Eick
University of Nevada Press, 2020
When Charles Ohiyesa Eastman, a degreed Dakota physician with an East Coast university education, met Elaine Goodale, a teacher and supervisor of education among the Sioux, they were about to witness one of the worst massacres in U.S. history: the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre. As Charles and Elaine witnessed the horror, they formed a bond that would carry them across the United States as they become advocates for Native Americans, whistle-blowing the corruption and racism of the nation’s Native American policies.
They used their lives to fight for citizenship and equal rights for indigenous people. Charles built a national organization of and for Native Americans that paralleled the NAACP. He brought Indian ways into the popular scouting movement. They each wrote eleven books, lobbied Congress, made speeches, wrote articles, and protested the steady erosion of indigenous rights and resources.
In this double biography, social and political history combine to paint vivid pictures of the time. Gretchen Cassel Eick deftly connects the experiences and responses of Native Americans with those of African Americans and white progressives during the period from the Civil War to World War II. In addition, tensions between the Eastmans mirror the dilemmas of gender, cultural pluralism, and the ethnic differences that Charles and Elaine faced as they worked to make a nation care about Native American impoverishment.
The Eastmans’ story is a national story, but it is also intensely personal. It reveals the price American reformers paid for their activism and the cost exacted for American citizenship. This thoughtful book brings a bleak chapter in American history alive and will cause readers to think about the connections between Charles and Elaine’s time and ours.
They used their lives to fight for citizenship and equal rights for indigenous people. Charles built a national organization of and for Native Americans that paralleled the NAACP. He brought Indian ways into the popular scouting movement. They each wrote eleven books, lobbied Congress, made speeches, wrote articles, and protested the steady erosion of indigenous rights and resources.
In this double biography, social and political history combine to paint vivid pictures of the time. Gretchen Cassel Eick deftly connects the experiences and responses of Native Americans with those of African Americans and white progressives during the period from the Civil War to World War II. In addition, tensions between the Eastmans mirror the dilemmas of gender, cultural pluralism, and the ethnic differences that Charles and Elaine faced as they worked to make a nation care about Native American impoverishment.
The Eastmans’ story is a national story, but it is also intensely personal. It reveals the price American reformers paid for their activism and the cost exacted for American citizenship. This thoughtful book brings a bleak chapter in American history alive and will cause readers to think about the connections between Charles and Elaine’s time and ours.
[more]
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