Measuring Urban Design: Metrics for Livable Places
by Reid Ewing and Otto Clemente
Island Press, 2012 eISBN: 978-1-61091-209-9 | Paper: 978-1-61091-194-8 | Cloth: 978-1-61091-193-1 Library of Congress Classification NA9053.H76E95 2013 Dewey Decimal Classification 711.4
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
What makes strolling down a particular street enjoyable? The authors of Measuring Urban Design argue it's not an idle question. Inviting streets are the centerpiece of thriving, sustainable communities, but it can be difficult to pinpoint the precise design elements that make an area appealing. This accessible guide removes the mystery, providing clear methods to measure urban design.
In recent years, many "walking audit instruments" have been developed to measure qualities like building height, block length, and sidewalk width. But while easily quantifiable, these physical features do not fully capture the experience of walking down a street. In contrast, this book addresses broad perceptions of street environments. It provides operational definitions and measurement protocols of five intangible qualities of urban design, specifically imageability, visual enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity.
The result is a reliable field survey instrument grounded in constructs from architecture, urban design, and planning. Readers will also find a case study applying the instrument to 588 streets in New York City, which shows that it can be used effectively to measure the built environment's impact on social, psychological, and physical well-being. Finally, readers will find illustrated, step-by-step instructions to use the instrument and a scoring sheet for easy calculation of urban design quality scores.
For the first time, researchers, designers, planners, and lay people have an empirically tested tool to measure those elusive qualities that make us want to take a stroll. Urban policymakers and planners as well as students in urban policy, design, and environmental health will find the tools and methods in Measuring Urban Design especially useful.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Reid Ewing is Professor of City and Metropolitan Planning at the University of Utah and the author of Pedestrian- and Transit-Oriented Design. He is coeditor with Arthur C. Nelson of the Island Press Metropolitan Planning + Design series.
Otto Clemente is a senior transportation planner working and living in the Washington, DC region.
REVIEWS
"This book will be valuable to those interested in the process—and particularly the pitfalls—of developing numerical measures of urban condition."
— CHOICE
"Measuring Urban Design promises to open a new field of evidence-informed urban design. This book, which began as an Active Living Research grant, is a big achievement in creating metrics for urban design qualities. It should be used widely to create more liveable and health-promoting urban places."
— James F. Sallis, Distinguished Professor of Family and Preventive Medicine UC San Diego
"Everyone has turned to a companion and observed, 'This is a great place, I am really glad to be here.' But few of us have the lexicon, and even fewer have the data, to support our assertion. Good for Ewing and colleagues for bringing both to us, and in such a clear and readable way."
— Richard J. Jackson, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
"This timely guide draws upon the best available research to show how contextually rich and robust metrics of urban design, like legibility and imageabilty, are associated with active, livable places. Designers, planners, public health professionals, and anyone else who cares about quality of urban living will gain a lot from this book."
— Robert Cervero, Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, UC Berkeley
"Developed to assess the mixed-use streets that are key focal points in livable places, this guidebook clearly shows how to measure important urban design concepts. In detailing how they developed the checklist and what it is best at measuring, the authors make a substantial contribution to urban planning and design."
— Ann Forsyth, Professor of Urban Planning, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University
"They provide operational definitions and measurement protocols for five intangible qualities of urban design: imageability, visual enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity"
— Reference & Research Book News
TABLE OF CONTENTS
About Island Press
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgments
One. Introduction
Initial Screening of Qualities
Map of the Book
Expert Panel
Videotaping
Library of Video Clips and Sample
Visual Assessment Survey
Walkability in Relation to Urban Design Qualities
Inter-Rater Reliability of Scene Ratings
Analyzing the Content of Sampled Scenes
Urban Design Ratings in Relation to Physical Features
Cross-Classified Random Effects Models
Results of Statistical Analysis
Final Steps
Four. Urban Design Qualities for New York City - Kathryn M. Neckerman, Marnie Purciel-Hill, James W. Quinn, and Andrew Rundle
Background
Neighborhood Characteristics and Urban Design
Methods
Results
New Strategies for Measuring Urban Design
Conclusions
Data
Measures
D Variables
Analysis
Results
Discussion
Getting Started
Urban Design Quality Definitions
Measurement Instructions
Appendix 1: Biosketches of Expert Panel Members
Appendix 2: Operational Definitions of Physical Features
Appendix 3: Urban Design Qualities and Physical Features
Measuring Urban Design: Metrics for Livable Places
by Reid Ewing and Otto Clemente
Island Press, 2012 eISBN: 978-1-61091-209-9 Paper: 978-1-61091-194-8 Cloth: 978-1-61091-193-1
What makes strolling down a particular street enjoyable? The authors of Measuring Urban Design argue it's not an idle question. Inviting streets are the centerpiece of thriving, sustainable communities, but it can be difficult to pinpoint the precise design elements that make an area appealing. This accessible guide removes the mystery, providing clear methods to measure urban design.
In recent years, many "walking audit instruments" have been developed to measure qualities like building height, block length, and sidewalk width. But while easily quantifiable, these physical features do not fully capture the experience of walking down a street. In contrast, this book addresses broad perceptions of street environments. It provides operational definitions and measurement protocols of five intangible qualities of urban design, specifically imageability, visual enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity.
The result is a reliable field survey instrument grounded in constructs from architecture, urban design, and planning. Readers will also find a case study applying the instrument to 588 streets in New York City, which shows that it can be used effectively to measure the built environment's impact on social, psychological, and physical well-being. Finally, readers will find illustrated, step-by-step instructions to use the instrument and a scoring sheet for easy calculation of urban design quality scores.
For the first time, researchers, designers, planners, and lay people have an empirically tested tool to measure those elusive qualities that make us want to take a stroll. Urban policymakers and planners as well as students in urban policy, design, and environmental health will find the tools and methods in Measuring Urban Design especially useful.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Reid Ewing is Professor of City and Metropolitan Planning at the University of Utah and the author of Pedestrian- and Transit-Oriented Design. He is coeditor with Arthur C. Nelson of the Island Press Metropolitan Planning + Design series.
Otto Clemente is a senior transportation planner working and living in the Washington, DC region.
REVIEWS
"This book will be valuable to those interested in the process—and particularly the pitfalls—of developing numerical measures of urban condition."
— CHOICE
"Measuring Urban Design promises to open a new field of evidence-informed urban design. This book, which began as an Active Living Research grant, is a big achievement in creating metrics for urban design qualities. It should be used widely to create more liveable and health-promoting urban places."
— James F. Sallis, Distinguished Professor of Family and Preventive Medicine UC San Diego
"Everyone has turned to a companion and observed, 'This is a great place, I am really glad to be here.' But few of us have the lexicon, and even fewer have the data, to support our assertion. Good for Ewing and colleagues for bringing both to us, and in such a clear and readable way."
— Richard J. Jackson, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
"This timely guide draws upon the best available research to show how contextually rich and robust metrics of urban design, like legibility and imageabilty, are associated with active, livable places. Designers, planners, public health professionals, and anyone else who cares about quality of urban living will gain a lot from this book."
— Robert Cervero, Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, UC Berkeley
"Developed to assess the mixed-use streets that are key focal points in livable places, this guidebook clearly shows how to measure important urban design concepts. In detailing how they developed the checklist and what it is best at measuring, the authors make a substantial contribution to urban planning and design."
— Ann Forsyth, Professor of Urban Planning, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University
"They provide operational definitions and measurement protocols for five intangible qualities of urban design: imageability, visual enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity"
— Reference & Research Book News
TABLE OF CONTENTS
About Island Press
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgments
One. Introduction
Initial Screening of Qualities
Map of the Book
Expert Panel
Videotaping
Library of Video Clips and Sample
Visual Assessment Survey
Walkability in Relation to Urban Design Qualities
Inter-Rater Reliability of Scene Ratings
Analyzing the Content of Sampled Scenes
Urban Design Ratings in Relation to Physical Features
Cross-Classified Random Effects Models
Results of Statistical Analysis
Final Steps
Four. Urban Design Qualities for New York City - Kathryn M. Neckerman, Marnie Purciel-Hill, James W. Quinn, and Andrew Rundle
Background
Neighborhood Characteristics and Urban Design
Methods
Results
New Strategies for Measuring Urban Design
Conclusions
Data
Measures
D Variables
Analysis
Results
Discussion
Getting Started
Urban Design Quality Definitions
Measurement Instructions
Appendix 1: Biosketches of Expert Panel Members
Appendix 2: Operational Definitions of Physical Features
Appendix 3: Urban Design Qualities and Physical Features