Spying, the “world’s second oldest profession,” is hardly limited to the traditional great power countries. Intelligence Elsewhere, nevertheless, is the first scholarly volume to deal exclusively with the comparative study of national intelligence outside of the anglosphere and European mainstream. Past studies of intelligence and counterintelligence have tended to focus on countries such as the United States, Great Britain, and Russia, as well as, to a lesser extent, Canada, Australia, France, and Germany. This volume examines the deep historical and cultural origins of intelligence in several countries of critical importance today: India, China, the Arab world, and indeed, Russia, the latter examined from a fresh perspective. The authors then delve into modern intelligence practice in countries with organizations significantly different from the mainstream: Iran, Pakistan, Japan, Finland, Sweden, Indonesia, Argentina, and Ghana.

With contributions by leading intelligence experts for each country, the chapters give the reader important insights into intelligence culture, current practice, and security sector reform. As the world morphs into an increasingly multi-polar system, it is more important than ever to understand the national intelligence systems of rising powers and regional powers that differ significantly from those of the US, its NATO allies, and its traditional opponents. This fascinating book shines new light into intelligence practices in regions that, until now, have eluded our understanding.

Philip H. J. Davies is a senior lecturer and director of Brunel University's Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies in the United Kingdom.

Kristian C. Gustafson is a lecturer and deputy director of Brunel University's Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies.

Part I: Introduction and Theory1. An Agenda for the Comparative Study of Intelligence: Yet Another Missing Dimension Philip H. J. Davies and Kristian C. Gustafson2. Political Culture: Approaches and Prospects Stephen Welch

Part II: Intelligence Culture outside the Anglosphere3. Subversive Information: The Historical Thrust of Chinese Intelligence Ralph D. Sawyer4. The Original Surveillance State: Kautilya’s Arthashastra and Government by Espionage in Classical India Philip H. J. Davies5. Protecting the New Rome: Byzantine Influences on Russian IntelligenceKristian C. Gustafson6. Origins of an Arab and Islamic Intelligence Culture Aziz Al-Asmari

Part III: Current Practice and Theory7. Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Rob Johnson8. Iranian Intelligence Organizations Carl Anthony Wege9. Intelligence and Security-Sector Reform in Indonesia Peter Gill and Lee Wilson10. A Reconstruction of Japanese Intelligence: Issues and Prospects Ken Kotani11. The Processes and Mechanisms of Developing a Democratic Intelligence Culture in Ghana Emmanluel Kwesi Aning, Emma Birikorang, and Ernest Ansah Lartey 12. Intelligence Community Reforms: The Case of Argentina Eduardo E. Estévez13. Sweden: Intelligence the Middle Way Wilhelm Agrell14. Intelligence Culture, Economic Espionage, and the Finnish Security Intelligence Service Lauri Holmström

Part IV: Conclusion15. Legacies, Identities, Improvisation, and Innovations of Intelligence Philip H. J. Davies and Kristian C. Gustafson

Contributors

Index