Sisters in the Faith: Shaker Women and Equality of the Sexes
by Glendyne R. Wergland
University of Massachusetts Press, 2011 Paper: 978-1-55849-863-1 | eISBN: 978-1-61376-053-6 | Cloth: 978-1-55849-862-4 Library of Congress Classification BX9789.W7W47 2011 Dewey Decimal Classification 289.8082
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
In 1788, following the death of charismatic founder Mother Ann Lee, the celibate religious group known as the Shakers set out to institutionalize equality of the sexes in their theology, government, and daily practice. In this book, Glendyne Wergland evaluates how well they succeeded in that mission by examining the experiences of women within Shaker communities over more than a century.
Drawing on an extensive archive of primary documents, Wergland discusses topics ranging from girlhood, health, and dress to why women joined the Shakers and how they were viewed by those outside their community. She analyzes the division of labor between men and women, showing that there was considerable cooperation and reciprocity in carrying out most tasks-from food production to laundering to gathering firewood-even as gendered conflicts remained.
In her conclusion, Wergland draws together all of these threads to show that Shaker communities achieved a remarkable degree of gender equality at a time when women elsewhere still suffered under the legal and social strictures of the traditional patriarchal order. In so doing, she argues, the experience of Shaker women served as a model for promoting women's rights in American political culture.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Glendyne R. Wergland is an independent scholar and author of One Shaker Life: Isaac Newton Youngs, 1793-1865 (University of Massachusetts Press, 2006).
REVIEWS
"Provides much-needed depth to the many studies of Shakers, and Shaker women in particular, that have painted gender roles with a broad brush. It will be impossible for readers to leave Wergland's book and make oversimplified statements about gender roles among the Shakers."—Etta M. Madden, author of Bodies of Life: Shaker Literature and Literacies
"This work offers a major contribution to Shaker history and to the study of women's struggle for equality. . . . Wergland's perceptive analysis of Shaker egalitarianism is a helpful approach to the ongoing feminist conversation regarding gender equality. Recommended."—Choice
"A superb addition to religious history and women's studies shelves, highly recommended."—Midwest Book Review
"[Wergland]'s work should generate fruitful debate in the academic community."—American Historical Review
"Sisters in Faith is an insightful look at the inner workings of Shaker community."—History: Reviews of New Books
"A great strength of Sisters in the Faith is the author's close reading of a rich array of primary sources, most of them unpublished, to tease out the subtleties of gender relations in Shaker communities. . . . the book really shines when it plunges into the intricacies of every day Shaker life. It guides readers deep into the lived world of Believers: we can feel the uncomfortable pinch of the cap on one's head, the frustrations of a kitchen sister with a brother who cadged snacks when he should have been outdoors working, and the exuberance of girls at play on a maple sugaring outing. Ultimately, Wergland makes a strong case for the many ways, both subtle and direct, that Shaker women exercised authority in their communities."—Church History
"Neophytes like me will find fascinating the window into Shaker life that Dr. Wergland, an independent scholar, provides, especially through extensive use of first-hand accounts by both Shakers and those who interacted with them. This includes countless journals of Shaker women and girls, whose life and role within the Shaker movement provide the obvious and wonderfully informative focus of the book."—Archives
"The result of her studies is a splendid book affirming the existence of Shaker gender equality. . . . Together with her other works on the Shakers, with Sisters in the Faith, Wergland has demonstrated once more that she holds a firm place at the forefront of modern Shaker scholarship."—Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Preface
Shaker Terminology
Introduction
Part 1: Joining the Shakers
Chapter 1: Ann Lee
Chapter 2: The Short Marriage of Mother Lucy Wright
Chapter 3: Why Women Joined the Shakers, 1780–1840
Chapter 4: Shaker Girlhood
Chapter 5: Chastity and the Shaker Cap
Illustrations follow on Page 84
Part 2: Work and Worship
Chapter 6: The World’s Views of Shaker Sisters, 1782–1865
Chapter 7: Work, Reciprocity, Equality, and Union
Chapter 8: Gendered Conflict among the Shakers
Chapter 9: Abuse by Spirit Messages during the Era of Manifestations
Chapter 10: The New Lebanon Deaconesses’ Bonnet Business, 1835–1850
Sisters in the Faith: Shaker Women and Equality of the Sexes
by Glendyne R. Wergland
University of Massachusetts Press, 2011 Paper: 978-1-55849-863-1 eISBN: 978-1-61376-053-6 Cloth: 978-1-55849-862-4
In 1788, following the death of charismatic founder Mother Ann Lee, the celibate religious group known as the Shakers set out to institutionalize equality of the sexes in their theology, government, and daily practice. In this book, Glendyne Wergland evaluates how well they succeeded in that mission by examining the experiences of women within Shaker communities over more than a century.
Drawing on an extensive archive of primary documents, Wergland discusses topics ranging from girlhood, health, and dress to why women joined the Shakers and how they were viewed by those outside their community. She analyzes the division of labor between men and women, showing that there was considerable cooperation and reciprocity in carrying out most tasks-from food production to laundering to gathering firewood-even as gendered conflicts remained.
In her conclusion, Wergland draws together all of these threads to show that Shaker communities achieved a remarkable degree of gender equality at a time when women elsewhere still suffered under the legal and social strictures of the traditional patriarchal order. In so doing, she argues, the experience of Shaker women served as a model for promoting women's rights in American political culture.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Glendyne R. Wergland is an independent scholar and author of One Shaker Life: Isaac Newton Youngs, 1793-1865 (University of Massachusetts Press, 2006).
REVIEWS
"Provides much-needed depth to the many studies of Shakers, and Shaker women in particular, that have painted gender roles with a broad brush. It will be impossible for readers to leave Wergland's book and make oversimplified statements about gender roles among the Shakers."—Etta M. Madden, author of Bodies of Life: Shaker Literature and Literacies
"This work offers a major contribution to Shaker history and to the study of women's struggle for equality. . . . Wergland's perceptive analysis of Shaker egalitarianism is a helpful approach to the ongoing feminist conversation regarding gender equality. Recommended."—Choice
"A superb addition to religious history and women's studies shelves, highly recommended."—Midwest Book Review
"[Wergland]'s work should generate fruitful debate in the academic community."—American Historical Review
"Sisters in Faith is an insightful look at the inner workings of Shaker community."—History: Reviews of New Books
"A great strength of Sisters in the Faith is the author's close reading of a rich array of primary sources, most of them unpublished, to tease out the subtleties of gender relations in Shaker communities. . . . the book really shines when it plunges into the intricacies of every day Shaker life. It guides readers deep into the lived world of Believers: we can feel the uncomfortable pinch of the cap on one's head, the frustrations of a kitchen sister with a brother who cadged snacks when he should have been outdoors working, and the exuberance of girls at play on a maple sugaring outing. Ultimately, Wergland makes a strong case for the many ways, both subtle and direct, that Shaker women exercised authority in their communities."—Church History
"Neophytes like me will find fascinating the window into Shaker life that Dr. Wergland, an independent scholar, provides, especially through extensive use of first-hand accounts by both Shakers and those who interacted with them. This includes countless journals of Shaker women and girls, whose life and role within the Shaker movement provide the obvious and wonderfully informative focus of the book."—Archives
"The result of her studies is a splendid book affirming the existence of Shaker gender equality. . . . Together with her other works on the Shakers, with Sisters in the Faith, Wergland has demonstrated once more that she holds a firm place at the forefront of modern Shaker scholarship."—Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Preface
Shaker Terminology
Introduction
Part 1: Joining the Shakers
Chapter 1: Ann Lee
Chapter 2: The Short Marriage of Mother Lucy Wright
Chapter 3: Why Women Joined the Shakers, 1780–1840
Chapter 4: Shaker Girlhood
Chapter 5: Chastity and the Shaker Cap
Illustrations follow on Page 84
Part 2: Work and Worship
Chapter 6: The World’s Views of Shaker Sisters, 1782–1865
Chapter 7: Work, Reciprocity, Equality, and Union
Chapter 8: Gendered Conflict among the Shakers
Chapter 9: Abuse by Spirit Messages during the Era of Manifestations
Chapter 10: The New Lebanon Deaconesses’ Bonnet Business, 1835–1850
Conclusions on Shaker Equality of the Sexes
Notes
Index
Back Cover
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC