Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring, Revised Edition
by Jean Watson
University Press of Colorado, 2008 Paper: 978-0-87081-898-1 | eISBN: 978-0-87081-979-7 Library of Congress Classification RT84.5.W37 2008 Dewey Decimal Classification 610.7301
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Jean Watson's first edition of Nursing, now considered a classic, introduced the science of human caring and quickly became one of the most widely used and respected sources of conceptual models for nursing. This completely new edition offers a contemporary update and the most current perspectives on the evolution of the original philosophy and science of caring from the field's founding scholar.
A core concept for nurses and the professional and non-professional people they interact with, "care" is one of the field's least understood terms, enshrouded in conflicting expectations and meanings. Although its usages vary among cultures, caring is universal and timeless at the human level, transcending societies, religions, belief systems, and geographic boundaries, moving from Self to Other to community and beyond, affecting all of life.
This new edition reflects on the universal effects of caring and connects caring with love as the primordial moral basis both for the philosophy and science of caring practices and for healing itself. It introduces Caritas Processes, offers centering and mediation exercises on an included audio CD, and provides other energetic and reflective models to assist students and practitioners in cultivating a new level of Caritas Nursing in their work and world.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
A fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and a past president of the National League for Nursing, Dr. Jean Watson is Distinguished Professor of Nursing and holds an endowed Chair in Caring Science at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She also founded the original Center for Human Caring. Watson is a widely published author and has received many awards, including six honorary doctoral degrees. Her theory of human caring and model of caring science are used around the world.
REVIEWS
"Nursing pioneered a human caring focus in nursing. The book is foundational for caring practice and so provides an accessible and informative resource, both for nurses in clinical practice and for students studying human caring at undergraduate and graduate levels."
—Adeline Falk-Rafael, RN, PhD, Professor and Associate Director, York University School of Nursing
"Watson reviews and revises all components of [her] theory and includes examples of qualitative research studies in caring scholarship and clinical practice. An extensive bibliography and a compact disc with meditation exercises complete this new edition. Summing up: recommended."
—M.P. Tarbox, CHOICE Magazine
"Nursing, The Philosophy and Science of Caring is a positive, upbeat, depiction of what nursing should be. The poetry and artwork not only add to the text, but incorporate art with science, much as Watson called for in nursing education. The book will be useful for the numerous healthcare settings who are using Watson's (2008) theory of caring as the theoretical guide in delivering healthcare education." —Sandra Schmidt Bunkers, RN; PhD; FAAN, Nursing Science Quarterly
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Preface: Opening-Entering: A New Beginning¿Almost Thirty Years Later
Interlude
Part I Background
Overview of Previous Publications
Part II Caring Science as Context
Chapter 1 Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring
Basic Assumptions of Caring Science
Premises of Caring Science
Working Definition of Caring Science
Caring: Science-Arts-Humanities
Ontological ¿Competencies¿/Caring Literacy
Examples of (Ontological) Caring Literacy
Chapter 2 Carative Factors/Caritas Processes: Original and Evolved Core for Professional Nursing
Original Ten Carative Factors
Ten Caritas Processes
Ten Carative Factors Juxtaposed against Caritas Processes
Core Aspects Theory of Human Caring
Moving from Carative to Caritas
Emergence of Caritas Nursing and the Caritas Nurse
Chapter 3 Caritas Processes: Extension of Carative Factors
Caring and Love
Value Assumptions of Caritas
Caritas Process¿Cultivating the Practice of Loving-Kindness and Equanimity toward Self and Other as Foundational to Caritas Consciousness
Part III From Carative Factors to Caritas Processes
Chapter 4 From Carative Factor 1: Humanistic-Altruistic System of Values
to Caritas Process 1: Cultivating the Practice of Loving-Kindness and Equanimity toward Self and Other as Foundational to Caritas Consciousness
Touchstones: Setting Intentionality and Consciousness for Caring and Healing
Beginning Centering Exercise
Centering Exercise
Additional Exercise: Cultivation of a Practice of Gratitude and Forgiveness
Toward a Formal Practice of Mindfulness¿Insight Meditation: Loving-Kindness and Equanimity
Loving-Kindness
Chapter 5 From Carative Factor 2: Installation of Faith and Hope
to Caritas Process 2: Being Authentically Present: Enabling, Sustaining, and
Honoring the Faith, Hope, and Deep Belief System and the Inner-Subjective Life World of Self/Other
Chapter 6 From Carative Factor 3: Cultivation of Sensitivity to Oneself and Others
to Caritas Process 3: Cultivation of One¿s Own Spiritual Practices and Transpersonal Self, Going beyond Ego-Self
Integration of Factors and Processes
Educational Note/Reminder
Chapter 7 From Carative Factor 4: Developing a Helping-Trusting Relationship
to Caritas Process 4: Developing and Sustaining an Authentic Helping-Trusting Caring Relationship
Chapter 8 Theoretical Framework for Caritas/Caring Relationship
Caritas/Caring Relationship
Transpersonal Caring Relationship
Assumptions of a Caritas Nurse: Transpersonal Caritas Consciousness Relationship
A Caring Moment
Holographic Premises of Caritas Consciousness/Relationship
Other Nursing Examples Consistent with Transpersonal Caritas Consciousness
Halldorsdottir Model: Biocidic to Biogenic (Caritas) Caring
Florence Nightingale as Original Theoretical Foundation for Caring/Caritas Consciousness Relationship
Reminders
Relationship-Centered Caring Model
Chapter 9 From Carative Factor 5: Promotion and Acceptance of the Expression of Positive and Negative Feelings
to Caritas Process 5: Being Present to, and Supportive of, the Expression of Positive and Negative FeelingsChapter 10 From Carative Factor 6: Systematic Use of the Scientific Problem-Solving Method for Decision Making
to Caritas Process 6: Creative Use of Self and All Ways of Knowing as Part of the Caring Process: Engage in the Artistry of Caritas Nursing
Reconsidering Evidence-Based Practice
Asking New Questions about ¿Evidence¿
Caritas Process
Philosophical Perspective for Caring Science: Caritas Processes
Documentation of Caring
Chapter 11 From Carative Factor 7: Promotion of Interpersonal Teaching and Learning
to Caritas Process 7: Engage in Genuine Teaching-Learning Experience That Attends to Unity of Being and Subjective Meaning¿Attempting to Stay within the Other¿s Frame of Reference
Chapter 12 From Carative Factor 8: Attending to a Supportive, Protective, and/or Corrective Mental, Physical, Societal, and Spiritual Environment
to Caritas Process 8: Creating a Healing Environment at All Levels
Comfort
Safety
Privacy
Compromised Human Dignity
Clean Aesthetic Surroundings
Caritas Process: Create a Healing Environment at All Levels
Expanded Levels of Environmental Conceptualization
¿What We Hold in Our Heart Matters¿ in Creating a Caritas Environment
Caritas Environmental Field Model
Chapter 13 From Carative Factor 9: Assistance with Gratification of Human Needs
to Caritas Process 9: Administering Sacred Nursing Acts of Caring-Healing by Tending to Basic Human Needs
Chapter 14 Administering Sacred Nursing Acts¿Further Development of Carative Factor/Caritas Process Number 9
Human Need for Food and Fluid
Significance of the Food and Fluid Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Elimination: ¿Toileting¿/Bathing/Personal Appearance
Significance of the Elimination Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Ventilation: Breathing
Significance of the Ventilation Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Activity-Inactivity
Psychology of the Sickbed
Significance of the Activity-Inactivity Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Sexuality/Creativity/Intimacy/Loving
Significance of the Sexuality Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Achievement: Expressivity, Work, Contributing beyond Self
Significance of the Achievement Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Affiliation: Belonging, Family, Social Relations, Culture
Significance of the Affiliation Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Self-Actualization/Spiritual Growth
Significance of the Self-Actualization Need for Caritas Nursing
Chapter 15 From Carative Factor 10: Allowance for Existential-Phenomenological Forces
to Caritas Process 10: Opening and Attending to Spiritual/Mysterious and Existential Unknowns of Life-Death
The Evolved Caritas Nurse
Conclusions
Part IV Expanding Knowledge-Building Frameworks for Reconsidering Caritas Nursing: The Energetic Chakra¿Quadrant Model
Chapter 16 Integral Model for Grasping Human Needs in Caritas Nursing
Chapter 17 The Seven Chakras: An Evolving Unitary Mind-Body-Spirit Energy System
Chakra Energy Body System
Biophysical Needs and Corresponding Energetic Chakra System
Human Evolution¿Higher Consciousness Energy Systems
Chapter 18 The Caritas Nurse/Caritas Nursing and the Chakra System
Chakra Summary
Part V Health, Healing, Humanity, and Heart-Centered Knowing for Caritas Nursing
Chapter 19 Human Experiences: Health, Healing, and Caritas Nursing
Healing Our Relationship with Self/Other/Planet Earth/Universe
Bettering Our Understanding of Human Suffering: Helping to Transform Its Meaning
Suffering
Deepening and Expanding Our Understanding of Living and Dying: Acknowledging the Shadow/Light Cycle of the Great Sacred Circle of Life
Preparing for Our Own Death
Part VI Critiquing Nursing Education
Chapter 20 Caritis Curriculum and Teaching-Learning
Bringing the Heart and Mind Together for Caritas Education
Objectivism as Mythic Epistemology¿Epistemology-as-Ethic
Nightingale as Exemplar of Understanding ¿Epistemology-as-Ethic¿
The Analytic and Experimental as Mythic Epistemology
Parts and Wholes: The Rhetorical and Haunting Questions for Nursing Education
Addressing the Rhetorical Educational Questions and Issues for the Twenty-First Century
Reconsidering Nightingale as Exemplar and Model
Caring Science as Context for Nursing Education
Professional Nursing Education for Tomorrow
Conclusion
Epilogue
Bibliography
Addenda
1. Examples of International Sites Advancing Caring Science
2. Emerging International Caritas Consortium (ICC)
3. The Watson Caring Science Institute
Postscript-Prescript
The End and the Beginning
Index
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring, Revised Edition
by Jean Watson
University Press of Colorado, 2008 Paper: 978-0-87081-898-1 eISBN: 978-0-87081-979-7
Jean Watson's first edition of Nursing, now considered a classic, introduced the science of human caring and quickly became one of the most widely used and respected sources of conceptual models for nursing. This completely new edition offers a contemporary update and the most current perspectives on the evolution of the original philosophy and science of caring from the field's founding scholar.
A core concept for nurses and the professional and non-professional people they interact with, "care" is one of the field's least understood terms, enshrouded in conflicting expectations and meanings. Although its usages vary among cultures, caring is universal and timeless at the human level, transcending societies, religions, belief systems, and geographic boundaries, moving from Self to Other to community and beyond, affecting all of life.
This new edition reflects on the universal effects of caring and connects caring with love as the primordial moral basis both for the philosophy and science of caring practices and for healing itself. It introduces Caritas Processes, offers centering and mediation exercises on an included audio CD, and provides other energetic and reflective models to assist students and practitioners in cultivating a new level of Caritas Nursing in their work and world.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
A fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and a past president of the National League for Nursing, Dr. Jean Watson is Distinguished Professor of Nursing and holds an endowed Chair in Caring Science at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She also founded the original Center for Human Caring. Watson is a widely published author and has received many awards, including six honorary doctoral degrees. Her theory of human caring and model of caring science are used around the world.
REVIEWS
"Nursing pioneered a human caring focus in nursing. The book is foundational for caring practice and so provides an accessible and informative resource, both for nurses in clinical practice and for students studying human caring at undergraduate and graduate levels."
—Adeline Falk-Rafael, RN, PhD, Professor and Associate Director, York University School of Nursing
"Watson reviews and revises all components of [her] theory and includes examples of qualitative research studies in caring scholarship and clinical practice. An extensive bibliography and a compact disc with meditation exercises complete this new edition. Summing up: recommended."
—M.P. Tarbox, CHOICE Magazine
"Nursing, The Philosophy and Science of Caring is a positive, upbeat, depiction of what nursing should be. The poetry and artwork not only add to the text, but incorporate art with science, much as Watson called for in nursing education. The book will be useful for the numerous healthcare settings who are using Watson's (2008) theory of caring as the theoretical guide in delivering healthcare education." —Sandra Schmidt Bunkers, RN; PhD; FAAN, Nursing Science Quarterly
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Preface: Opening-Entering: A New Beginning¿Almost Thirty Years Later
Interlude
Part I Background
Overview of Previous Publications
Part II Caring Science as Context
Chapter 1 Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring
Basic Assumptions of Caring Science
Premises of Caring Science
Working Definition of Caring Science
Caring: Science-Arts-Humanities
Ontological ¿Competencies¿/Caring Literacy
Examples of (Ontological) Caring Literacy
Chapter 2 Carative Factors/Caritas Processes: Original and Evolved Core for Professional Nursing
Original Ten Carative Factors
Ten Caritas Processes
Ten Carative Factors Juxtaposed against Caritas Processes
Core Aspects Theory of Human Caring
Moving from Carative to Caritas
Emergence of Caritas Nursing and the Caritas Nurse
Chapter 3 Caritas Processes: Extension of Carative Factors
Caring and Love
Value Assumptions of Caritas
Caritas Process¿Cultivating the Practice of Loving-Kindness and Equanimity toward Self and Other as Foundational to Caritas Consciousness
Part III From Carative Factors to Caritas Processes
Chapter 4 From Carative Factor 1: Humanistic-Altruistic System of Values
to Caritas Process 1: Cultivating the Practice of Loving-Kindness and Equanimity toward Self and Other as Foundational to Caritas Consciousness
Touchstones: Setting Intentionality and Consciousness for Caring and Healing
Beginning Centering Exercise
Centering Exercise
Additional Exercise: Cultivation of a Practice of Gratitude and Forgiveness
Toward a Formal Practice of Mindfulness¿Insight Meditation: Loving-Kindness and Equanimity
Loving-Kindness
Chapter 5 From Carative Factor 2: Installation of Faith and Hope
to Caritas Process 2: Being Authentically Present: Enabling, Sustaining, and
Honoring the Faith, Hope, and Deep Belief System and the Inner-Subjective Life World of Self/Other
Chapter 6 From Carative Factor 3: Cultivation of Sensitivity to Oneself and Others
to Caritas Process 3: Cultivation of One¿s Own Spiritual Practices and Transpersonal Self, Going beyond Ego-Self
Integration of Factors and Processes
Educational Note/Reminder
Chapter 7 From Carative Factor 4: Developing a Helping-Trusting Relationship
to Caritas Process 4: Developing and Sustaining an Authentic Helping-Trusting Caring Relationship
Chapter 8 Theoretical Framework for Caritas/Caring Relationship
Caritas/Caring Relationship
Transpersonal Caring Relationship
Assumptions of a Caritas Nurse: Transpersonal Caritas Consciousness Relationship
A Caring Moment
Holographic Premises of Caritas Consciousness/Relationship
Other Nursing Examples Consistent with Transpersonal Caritas Consciousness
Halldorsdottir Model: Biocidic to Biogenic (Caritas) Caring
Florence Nightingale as Original Theoretical Foundation for Caring/Caritas Consciousness Relationship
Reminders
Relationship-Centered Caring Model
Chapter 9 From Carative Factor 5: Promotion and Acceptance of the Expression of Positive and Negative Feelings
to Caritas Process 5: Being Present to, and Supportive of, the Expression of Positive and Negative FeelingsChapter 10 From Carative Factor 6: Systematic Use of the Scientific Problem-Solving Method for Decision Making
to Caritas Process 6: Creative Use of Self and All Ways of Knowing as Part of the Caring Process: Engage in the Artistry of Caritas Nursing
Reconsidering Evidence-Based Practice
Asking New Questions about ¿Evidence¿
Caritas Process
Philosophical Perspective for Caring Science: Caritas Processes
Documentation of Caring
Chapter 11 From Carative Factor 7: Promotion of Interpersonal Teaching and Learning
to Caritas Process 7: Engage in Genuine Teaching-Learning Experience That Attends to Unity of Being and Subjective Meaning¿Attempting to Stay within the Other¿s Frame of Reference
Chapter 12 From Carative Factor 8: Attending to a Supportive, Protective, and/or Corrective Mental, Physical, Societal, and Spiritual Environment
to Caritas Process 8: Creating a Healing Environment at All Levels
Comfort
Safety
Privacy
Compromised Human Dignity
Clean Aesthetic Surroundings
Caritas Process: Create a Healing Environment at All Levels
Expanded Levels of Environmental Conceptualization
¿What We Hold in Our Heart Matters¿ in Creating a Caritas Environment
Caritas Environmental Field Model
Chapter 13 From Carative Factor 9: Assistance with Gratification of Human Needs
to Caritas Process 9: Administering Sacred Nursing Acts of Caring-Healing by Tending to Basic Human Needs
Chapter 14 Administering Sacred Nursing Acts¿Further Development of Carative Factor/Caritas Process Number 9
Human Need for Food and Fluid
Significance of the Food and Fluid Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Elimination: ¿Toileting¿/Bathing/Personal Appearance
Significance of the Elimination Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Ventilation: Breathing
Significance of the Ventilation Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Activity-Inactivity
Psychology of the Sickbed
Significance of the Activity-Inactivity Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Sexuality/Creativity/Intimacy/Loving
Significance of the Sexuality Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Achievement: Expressivity, Work, Contributing beyond Self
Significance of the Achievement Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Affiliation: Belonging, Family, Social Relations, Culture
Significance of the Affiliation Need for Caritas Nursing
Human Need for Self-Actualization/Spiritual Growth
Significance of the Self-Actualization Need for Caritas Nursing
Chapter 15 From Carative Factor 10: Allowance for Existential-Phenomenological Forces
to Caritas Process 10: Opening and Attending to Spiritual/Mysterious and Existential Unknowns of Life-Death
The Evolved Caritas Nurse
Conclusions
Part IV Expanding Knowledge-Building Frameworks for Reconsidering Caritas Nursing: The Energetic Chakra¿Quadrant Model
Chapter 16 Integral Model for Grasping Human Needs in Caritas Nursing
Chapter 17 The Seven Chakras: An Evolving Unitary Mind-Body-Spirit Energy System
Chakra Energy Body System
Biophysical Needs and Corresponding Energetic Chakra System
Human Evolution¿Higher Consciousness Energy Systems
Chapter 18 The Caritas Nurse/Caritas Nursing and the Chakra System
Chakra Summary
Part V Health, Healing, Humanity, and Heart-Centered Knowing for Caritas Nursing
Chapter 19 Human Experiences: Health, Healing, and Caritas Nursing
Healing Our Relationship with Self/Other/Planet Earth/Universe
Bettering Our Understanding of Human Suffering: Helping to Transform Its Meaning
Suffering
Deepening and Expanding Our Understanding of Living and Dying: Acknowledging the Shadow/Light Cycle of the Great Sacred Circle of Life
Preparing for Our Own Death
Part VI Critiquing Nursing Education
Chapter 20 Caritis Curriculum and Teaching-Learning
Bringing the Heart and Mind Together for Caritas Education
Objectivism as Mythic Epistemology¿Epistemology-as-Ethic
Nightingale as Exemplar of Understanding ¿Epistemology-as-Ethic¿
The Analytic and Experimental as Mythic Epistemology
Parts and Wholes: The Rhetorical and Haunting Questions for Nursing Education
Addressing the Rhetorical Educational Questions and Issues for the Twenty-First Century
Reconsidering Nightingale as Exemplar and Model
Caring Science as Context for Nursing Education
Professional Nursing Education for Tomorrow
Conclusion
Epilogue
Bibliography
Addenda
1. Examples of International Sites Advancing Caring Science
2. Emerging International Caritas Consortium (ICC)
3. The Watson Caring Science Institute
Postscript-Prescript
The End and the Beginning
Index
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
