George W. Bush's Healthy Forests: Reframing the Environmental Debate
by Jacqueline Vaughn and Hanna Cortner
University Press of Colorado, 2005 Paper: 978-0-87081-820-2 | eISBN: 978-0-87081-876-9 Library of Congress Classification SD565.V37 2005 Dewey Decimal Classification 333.750973
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
In George W. Bush's Healthy Forests, Jacqueline Vaughn and Hanna Cortner detail how the Bush administration, by changing the terms and processes of debate, sidestepped opposition and put in place policies that restrict public and scientific involvement in environmental decisions. Their groundbreaking study analyzes the context and legal effects of the Healthy Forests Initiative, Healthy Forests Restoration Act, and related regulatory changes.
The authors show how the administration used news events such as wildfires to propel legislation through Congress. Focusing blame for wildfires on legal obstacles and environmentalists' use of appeals to challenge fuel-reduction projects, the administration restricted opportunities for environmental analysis, administrative appeals, and litigation. The authors argue that these tools have a history of use by diverse interests and have long protected Americans' right to question government decisions.
This readable study identifies the players, events, and strategies that expedited the policy shift and contextualizes it in the president's career and in legislative and administrative history. Revealing a policy change with major implications for the future of public lands and public process, George W. Bush's Healthy Forests will become required reading in environmental studies and political science.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Jacqueline Vaughn is a professor of political science at Northern Arizona University and author of several books on environmental issues, including Environmental Politics and Green Backlash. Hanna J. Cortner, president of Cortner and Associates , coauthored The Politics of Ecosystem Management, co-edited State and Nature, and has held professorships at Northern Arizona University and the University of Arizona.
REVIEWS
"George W. Bush's Healthy Forests reads like a textbook for political activists, arguing that the most important part of any political strategy is to craft a simple, persuasive message that demonizes opponents while it points to your preferred policy as the only solution to major problems. Vaugn and Cortner note that, having won this battle over forest policy, congressional Republicans have attempted to use the same strategy of blaming environmentalists to promote their agendas on grazing, mining, and other issues." —Forest Magazine
"Vaughn and Cortner argue that the weakening of environmental laws was by design, not a byproduct of budget cuts. . . . The authors argue that the Bush administration succeeded because it cast environmentalists as 'nuts' and 'extremists,' in spite of the fact that many environmental groups have long supported thinning of small trees around communities at the wildland-urban interface." —High Country News
"Cortner's appeals database offers a reality check to the notion that appeals are misused and have contributed to 'analysis paralysis.'" —Forest Magazine
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Chapter One: A Reversal of Fortunes: Reframing the Environmental Debate 1
Issue Definition, Agenda Setting, and Policy Adoption 3
Redirecting Forest Policy: Redefining Processes, Participants,
Problems, and Products 7
What Follows 9
Notes 15
Chapter Two: From Silent Spring to Luntz-Speak: Environmental Policy and
George W. Bush 19
Environmentalism on All Fronts 19
Governor Bush and the Environment in Texas 26
Presidential Candidate George W. Bush (2000) 28
The Environmental Presidency of George W. Bush 33
The 2004 Presidential Campaign 53
Notes 61
Chapter Three: The Right To Object: Historic Landmarks in the Development
And Use of Appeals 69
Early Dispute Procedures: 1906-1936 71
Environmental Regulatory Procedures: 1960-1989 72
Regulatory and Legislative Change: 1991-1993 83
Implementation of the Mandate: 1994 90
The Who, What, Where, and How of Administrative Appeals 94
The Legacy of a Stormy History 98
Notes 102
Chapter Four: Appellants, Strategies, Tactics, and Outcomes 111
Environmental Organization Appeals and Litigation 113
Wise Use Appeals 133
Commodity and Business Interest Appeals 138
Cases with Multiple Appellants 142
Native American Tribal Appellants 149
Government Agency Appeals 152
Individual Appellants 156
Litigation 166
The Complexity of Administrative Appeals 168
Notes 172
Chapter Five: The Wildland-Urban Interface and the Fire-Appeals Interface 181
Data, Rhetoric, and Focusing Events 190
Show Me the Data! 194
No, Show US The Data! 202
Rhetoric and Focusing Events As Policy Drivers 208
Framing the Wildfire "Problem" 214
Notes 217
Chapter Six: Reform By Legislation: The Healthy Forests Restoration Act 230
The 107th Congress 231
Changes in the 108th Congress 241
The 2003 GAO Report 243
2003 Congressional Legislation 247
Senate Action 249
Attempts at Legislative Compromise 254
"A Light at the End of the Tunnel" 261
Winners and Losers? 265
Notes 270
Chapter Seven: Reform By Rulemaking 278
National Forest Planning 283
Forest Service Appeal Procedures 289
Categorical Exclusions 293
Bureau of Land Management Appeal Procedures 297
Consultation Under the Endangered Species Act 302
The Northwest Forest Plan 306
The Sierra Nevada Framework 310
Notes 313
Chapter Eight: Conclusion: The Spillover Effect 323
A Return to Rhetoric 325
A Fortune of Reversals 335
Notes 344
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
George W. Bush's Healthy Forests: Reframing the Environmental Debate
by Jacqueline Vaughn and Hanna Cortner
University Press of Colorado, 2005 Paper: 978-0-87081-820-2 eISBN: 978-0-87081-876-9
In George W. Bush's Healthy Forests, Jacqueline Vaughn and Hanna Cortner detail how the Bush administration, by changing the terms and processes of debate, sidestepped opposition and put in place policies that restrict public and scientific involvement in environmental decisions. Their groundbreaking study analyzes the context and legal effects of the Healthy Forests Initiative, Healthy Forests Restoration Act, and related regulatory changes.
The authors show how the administration used news events such as wildfires to propel legislation through Congress. Focusing blame for wildfires on legal obstacles and environmentalists' use of appeals to challenge fuel-reduction projects, the administration restricted opportunities for environmental analysis, administrative appeals, and litigation. The authors argue that these tools have a history of use by diverse interests and have long protected Americans' right to question government decisions.
This readable study identifies the players, events, and strategies that expedited the policy shift and contextualizes it in the president's career and in legislative and administrative history. Revealing a policy change with major implications for the future of public lands and public process, George W. Bush's Healthy Forests will become required reading in environmental studies and political science.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Jacqueline Vaughn is a professor of political science at Northern Arizona University and author of several books on environmental issues, including Environmental Politics and Green Backlash. Hanna J. Cortner, president of Cortner and Associates , coauthored The Politics of Ecosystem Management, co-edited State and Nature, and has held professorships at Northern Arizona University and the University of Arizona.
REVIEWS
"George W. Bush's Healthy Forests reads like a textbook for political activists, arguing that the most important part of any political strategy is to craft a simple, persuasive message that demonizes opponents while it points to your preferred policy as the only solution to major problems. Vaugn and Cortner note that, having won this battle over forest policy, congressional Republicans have attempted to use the same strategy of blaming environmentalists to promote their agendas on grazing, mining, and other issues." —Forest Magazine
"Vaughn and Cortner argue that the weakening of environmental laws was by design, not a byproduct of budget cuts. . . . The authors argue that the Bush administration succeeded because it cast environmentalists as 'nuts' and 'extremists,' in spite of the fact that many environmental groups have long supported thinning of small trees around communities at the wildland-urban interface." —High Country News
"Cortner's appeals database offers a reality check to the notion that appeals are misused and have contributed to 'analysis paralysis.'" —Forest Magazine
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Chapter One: A Reversal of Fortunes: Reframing the Environmental Debate 1
Issue Definition, Agenda Setting, and Policy Adoption 3
Redirecting Forest Policy: Redefining Processes, Participants,
Problems, and Products 7
What Follows 9
Notes 15
Chapter Two: From Silent Spring to Luntz-Speak: Environmental Policy and
George W. Bush 19
Environmentalism on All Fronts 19
Governor Bush and the Environment in Texas 26
Presidential Candidate George W. Bush (2000) 28
The Environmental Presidency of George W. Bush 33
The 2004 Presidential Campaign 53
Notes 61
Chapter Three: The Right To Object: Historic Landmarks in the Development
And Use of Appeals 69
Early Dispute Procedures: 1906-1936 71
Environmental Regulatory Procedures: 1960-1989 72
Regulatory and Legislative Change: 1991-1993 83
Implementation of the Mandate: 1994 90
The Who, What, Where, and How of Administrative Appeals 94
The Legacy of a Stormy History 98
Notes 102
Chapter Four: Appellants, Strategies, Tactics, and Outcomes 111
Environmental Organization Appeals and Litigation 113
Wise Use Appeals 133
Commodity and Business Interest Appeals 138
Cases with Multiple Appellants 142
Native American Tribal Appellants 149
Government Agency Appeals 152
Individual Appellants 156
Litigation 166
The Complexity of Administrative Appeals 168
Notes 172
Chapter Five: The Wildland-Urban Interface and the Fire-Appeals Interface 181
Data, Rhetoric, and Focusing Events 190
Show Me the Data! 194
No, Show US The Data! 202
Rhetoric and Focusing Events As Policy Drivers 208
Framing the Wildfire "Problem" 214
Notes 217
Chapter Six: Reform By Legislation: The Healthy Forests Restoration Act 230
The 107th Congress 231
Changes in the 108th Congress 241
The 2003 GAO Report 243
2003 Congressional Legislation 247
Senate Action 249
Attempts at Legislative Compromise 254
"A Light at the End of the Tunnel" 261
Winners and Losers? 265
Notes 270
Chapter Seven: Reform By Rulemaking 278
National Forest Planning 283
Forest Service Appeal Procedures 289
Categorical Exclusions 293
Bureau of Land Management Appeal Procedures 297
Consultation Under the Endangered Species Act 302
The Northwest Forest Plan 306
The Sierra Nevada Framework 310
Notes 313
Chapter Eight: Conclusion: The Spillover Effect 323
A Return to Rhetoric 325
A Fortune of Reversals 335
Notes 344
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE