Michigan State University Press, 2002 eISBN: 978-0-87013-966-6 | Cloth: 978-0-87013-622-1 | Paper: 978-0-87013-804-1 Library of Congress Classification F574.I35W35 2002 Dewey Decimal Classification 791.0977468
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Black Eden chronicles the history of Idlewild, a Michigan black community founded during the aftermath of the Civil War. As one of the nation’s most popular black resorts, Idlewild functioned as a gathering place for African Americans, and more importantly as a touchstone of black identity and culture. Benjamin C. Wilson and Lewis Walker examine Idlewild’s significance within a historical context, as well as the town’s revitalization efforts and the need for comprehensive planning in future development. In a segregated America, Idlewild became a place where black audiences could see rising black entertainers.
Profusely illustrated with photos from the authors’ personal collections, Black Eden provides a lengthy discussion about the crucial role that Idlewild played in the careers of artists such as Louis Armstrong, B. B. King, Sammy Davis Jr., Jackie Wilson, Aretha Franklin, and Della Reese. Fundamentally, the book explores issues involved in living in a segregated society, the consequences of the civil rights movement, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsequent integration, and the consequences of integration vs. racial solidarity. The authors ask: Did integration kill Idlewild?, suggesting rather that other factors contributed to its decline.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Lewis Walker is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at Western Michigan University. Benjamin C. Wilson is Professor of Black Americana Studies at Western Michigan University.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
I. Establishing the Foundations of a Black Resort in Michigan
Early History: A Logging Community in Michigan
Racial Segregation, Northern Style
The Formative Years and the Idlewild Resort Company, 1915–1927
The Contractual Agreement
The IRC Plan
Sociological Illuminations
2.
Continuation of a Good Deal
The Formation of Idlewild Summer Resort Company
Articles of Association
The Idlewild Summer Resort Company Plan of Development
The Business District in Idlewild
Sociological Illuminations
3.
The Popular Place to Be
Promotion of the Resort
Special Music and Poems Written for Idlewild
The Emergent Cleavages at Idlewild
The Skin Color Factor: Intraracial Strife and Problems of Social Distance
Other Related Developments
Sociological Illuminations
4.
An Emergent Black Entertainment Showcase
The Chitlin Circuit
The Significance of Idlewild Clubs to Entertainers
White Music Lovers at Idlewild
On Stage at Idlewild
Escape to Woodland Park for Rest
Nature, Swimming, Boating, and Horseback Riding
Some Famous Athletes at Idlewild
Sociological Illuminations
5.
Some Intended and Unintended Consequences in the Black Community During the Civil Rights Era
Living in a Caste System in the United States
The Civil Rights Movement versus the Caste System
On Integration: A New Phase and a New Crisis
Self-Validation, Self-Actualization, and Identity
The Dual Challenge: Transforming America through Integration versus Racial Solidarity
Some Shortcomings of Public Accommodations Act and Integration
Did Public Accommodations Act Alone Kill Idlewild?
Idlewild Will Always Be There!
“Greener Pastures”
Lack of Leadership and Vision
An Incomplete Infrastructure: Another Factor
The Passing of the Great Ones
Idlewild: A Question of Survival
Sociological Illuminations
6.
A Snapshot of Idlewild's Contemporary Social Status
Social Structure of Idlewild
Some Social Demographics
The Business Picture in Idlewild
The Employment and Income Situation
Crime and Delinquency in the Township
The Housing Dilemma in Idlewild
Family Concerns
Educational Status and Problems
Environmental Issues
The Transportation System
Hope and Anxiety for the Future of Idlewild
Sociological Illuminations
7.
Revitalization: 1960–2000 Activities
Mid-Sixties: The Shadies and the Saints
A New Breed Brings Hope to Old-Timers
Activities to Stop the Downward Spiral
Activities to Remove Squatters and Improve the Community
Activities from the Yates Township Board: A Time for Action
More Recent Efforts to Revitalize Idlewild
An Acceleration of Activities to Turn the Community Around
FiveCAP: A Major Piece of the Revitalization Puzzle
Sociological Illuminations
8.
A Need for a Comprehensive Strategic Plan: Some Suggestions
A Need for Definitional Clarity of the Community
The Importance of a Paradigm Shift and Transformative Leaders
Current and Future Challenges
A Companion Plan for Idlewild Vis-à-Vis the County Plan
Background and Summary of Lake County's “Plan”
A Comprehensive Companion Plan for Idlewild: Some Salient Suggestions
Sociological Illuminations
9.
An Epilogue for Idlewild
Success and Failure
Entertainment and Leisure-Oriented Businesses
A Short-Term Alternative to Building New Motels and Restaurants
Michigan State University Press, 2002 eISBN: 978-0-87013-966-6 Cloth: 978-0-87013-622-1 Paper: 978-0-87013-804-1
Black Eden chronicles the history of Idlewild, a Michigan black community founded during the aftermath of the Civil War. As one of the nation’s most popular black resorts, Idlewild functioned as a gathering place for African Americans, and more importantly as a touchstone of black identity and culture. Benjamin C. Wilson and Lewis Walker examine Idlewild’s significance within a historical context, as well as the town’s revitalization efforts and the need for comprehensive planning in future development. In a segregated America, Idlewild became a place where black audiences could see rising black entertainers.
Profusely illustrated with photos from the authors’ personal collections, Black Eden provides a lengthy discussion about the crucial role that Idlewild played in the careers of artists such as Louis Armstrong, B. B. King, Sammy Davis Jr., Jackie Wilson, Aretha Franklin, and Della Reese. Fundamentally, the book explores issues involved in living in a segregated society, the consequences of the civil rights movement, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsequent integration, and the consequences of integration vs. racial solidarity. The authors ask: Did integration kill Idlewild?, suggesting rather that other factors contributed to its decline.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Lewis Walker is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at Western Michigan University. Benjamin C. Wilson is Professor of Black Americana Studies at Western Michigan University.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
I. Establishing the Foundations of a Black Resort in Michigan
Early History: A Logging Community in Michigan
Racial Segregation, Northern Style
The Formative Years and the Idlewild Resort Company, 1915–1927
The Contractual Agreement
The IRC Plan
Sociological Illuminations
2.
Continuation of a Good Deal
The Formation of Idlewild Summer Resort Company
Articles of Association
The Idlewild Summer Resort Company Plan of Development
The Business District in Idlewild
Sociological Illuminations
3.
The Popular Place to Be
Promotion of the Resort
Special Music and Poems Written for Idlewild
The Emergent Cleavages at Idlewild
The Skin Color Factor: Intraracial Strife and Problems of Social Distance
Other Related Developments
Sociological Illuminations
4.
An Emergent Black Entertainment Showcase
The Chitlin Circuit
The Significance of Idlewild Clubs to Entertainers
White Music Lovers at Idlewild
On Stage at Idlewild
Escape to Woodland Park for Rest
Nature, Swimming, Boating, and Horseback Riding
Some Famous Athletes at Idlewild
Sociological Illuminations
5.
Some Intended and Unintended Consequences in the Black Community During the Civil Rights Era
Living in a Caste System in the United States
The Civil Rights Movement versus the Caste System
On Integration: A New Phase and a New Crisis
Self-Validation, Self-Actualization, and Identity
The Dual Challenge: Transforming America through Integration versus Racial Solidarity
Some Shortcomings of Public Accommodations Act and Integration
Did Public Accommodations Act Alone Kill Idlewild?
Idlewild Will Always Be There!
“Greener Pastures”
Lack of Leadership and Vision
An Incomplete Infrastructure: Another Factor
The Passing of the Great Ones
Idlewild: A Question of Survival
Sociological Illuminations
6.
A Snapshot of Idlewild's Contemporary Social Status
Social Structure of Idlewild
Some Social Demographics
The Business Picture in Idlewild
The Employment and Income Situation
Crime and Delinquency in the Township
The Housing Dilemma in Idlewild
Family Concerns
Educational Status and Problems
Environmental Issues
The Transportation System
Hope and Anxiety for the Future of Idlewild
Sociological Illuminations
7.
Revitalization: 1960–2000 Activities
Mid-Sixties: The Shadies and the Saints
A New Breed Brings Hope to Old-Timers
Activities to Stop the Downward Spiral
Activities to Remove Squatters and Improve the Community
Activities from the Yates Township Board: A Time for Action
More Recent Efforts to Revitalize Idlewild
An Acceleration of Activities to Turn the Community Around
FiveCAP: A Major Piece of the Revitalization Puzzle
Sociological Illuminations
8.
A Need for a Comprehensive Strategic Plan: Some Suggestions
A Need for Definitional Clarity of the Community
The Importance of a Paradigm Shift and Transformative Leaders
Current and Future Challenges
A Companion Plan for Idlewild Vis-à-Vis the County Plan
Background and Summary of Lake County's “Plan”
A Comprehensive Companion Plan for Idlewild: Some Salient Suggestions
Sociological Illuminations
9.
An Epilogue for Idlewild
Success and Failure
Entertainment and Leisure-Oriented Businesses
A Short-Term Alternative to Building New Motels and Restaurants