West to Far Michigan: Settling the Lower Peninsula, 1815-1860
by Kenneth E. Lewis
Michigan State University Press, 2001 eISBN: 978-0-87013-934-5 | Cloth: 978-0-87013-551-4 Library of Congress Classification HD211.M5L49 2002 Dewey Decimal Classification 333.309774
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
West to Far Michigan is a study of the lower peninsula's occupation by agriculturalists, whose presence forever transformed the land and helped to create the modern state of Michigan. This is not simply a history of Michigan, but rather a work that focuses on why the state developed as it did. Although Michigan is seen today as an industrial state whose history is couched in terms of the fur trade and the international rivalry for the Great Lakes, agricultural settlement shaped its expansion. Using a model of agricultural colonization derived from comparative studies, Lewis examines the settlement process in Michigan between 1815 and 1860. This period marked the opening of Michigan to immigrants, saw the rise of commercial agriculture, and witnessed Michigan's integration into the larger national economy.
Employing numerous primary sources, West to Far Michigan traces changes and patterns of settlement crucial to documenting the large-scale development of southern Michigan as a region. Diaries, letters, memoirs, gazetteers, and legal documents serve to transform the more abstract elements of economic and social change into more human terms. Through the experiences of the early Agriculturists process, we can gain insight into how their triumphs played out in communities within the region to produce small-scale elements that comprise the fabric of the larger cultural landscape.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Kenneth E. Lewis is Professor of Anthropology at Michigan State University. As a historical archaeologist, he has investigated material aspects of colonization in geographical contexts and has written extensively on British colonization on the southern Atlantic Seaboard.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
1.
Frontier Studies: An Approach to Michigan's Past
Landscapes, Settlement Patterning, and Frontiers
Processes of Frontier Colonization
Settlement Patterning on the Michigan Frontier
Production and Spatial Organization
Transportation and Spatial Patterning
Settlement Patterning and Organization
The Distinctness of Colonization in Southern Michigan
2.
Michigan Before 1815: Prelude to American Settlement
The European Presence
The Aboriginal Response
Political Change in the Old Northwest
The Pacification of Aboriginal Peoples
A Knowledge of the Regional Landscape
The Entrepôt of Detroit
Routes of Access to the Michigan Frontier
The Rise of the Northeast and Western Expansion
3.
The Environmental Context of Colonization
The Orientation of Frontier Perspective
The Physical Landscape
Images of the Land: Pioneer Evaluations of Michigan's Environment
Heavy Timbered Lands
Oak Openings
Prairies
Marsh and Swamplands
Pine Lands
Perceptions of Michigan's Climate
Health and Disease in Michigan
The Importance of the Aboriginal Landscape
4.
The Impact of Perception on Settlement
The Eastern Shore
The Saginaw River Drainage
The St. Joseph River Drainage
The Kalamazoo River Drainage
The Grand River Drainage
The Western Shore
Perceptions and Settlement
5.
The Transfer of Land
Obtaining Government Possession: The Treaty Process
Michigan Indians and the Cession of Lands
The Eastern Peninsula Groups and the Saginaw-Chippewas
The Potawatomis in the Southwest
The Ottawas on Grand River
The Legal Framework for Land Distribution
The Survey and Distribution of Michigan Lands
6.
The Settlers' Acquisition of Land
The Cost of Land and Farm-Making
Strategies for Land Acquisition
Speculation and Frontier Development
The Influence of Speculation in Southern Michigan
Squatting and Preemption
7.
Strategies for Settlement
Motivations for Colonization
Communities of Accretion: An Amalgam of Diversity
Covenanted Communities: Cities upon a Hill
Colonizing Strategies and Settlement Patterning
8.
Michigan's Frontier Economy in 1845
Initial Adaptations on the Michigan Frontier
Early Pioneer Strategies of Subsistence
The Organization of the Frontier Economy
9.
Population Expansion, Transportation, and Settlement Patterning on the Michigan Frontier, 1845-1860
Estimating the Expansion of Population
Evidence for Settlement Distribution in Frontier Michigan
The Development of Roads in a Frontier Economy
The Organization of Settlement in the Colonial Economy
The Late Frontier Landscape in Michigan
10.
Long-Distance Transportation and External Trade
Overland Transport in Expansion and Development
The Erie Canal and the Lake Passage to Michigan
Railroad Expansion and Western Commerce
11.
The Restructuring of Michigan Agriculture
A Focus on Marketable Crops
Corn, for Food, Feed, and Drink
Wheat, the Market Grain of Choice
Field Crops, Fruit, and Specialty Crops
Dairying and Wool Production
Agricultural Innovations and Improvement
Changes in Agricultural Technology
The Infrastructure of Processing and Settlement Patterning
12.
The Organization of Production and Marketing
Banking, Credit, and the Expansion of Production
External Exchange in a Frontier Economy
The Railroad, the Elevator, and the Restructuring of Trade
Economic Change and Settlement Patterning
13.
The Consolidation of Settlement and Transportation In a Transitional Economy
Railroads and Market Expansion
The System of Feeder Roads
Transportation and Settlement Structure in 1860
Exploring Settlement Function
14.
The Landscape of Settlement in Southern Michigan in 1860
15.
Epilogue
Appendices
1.
Populations of Michigan Settlements from Censuses, 1854–1864
2.
Populations of Michigan Settlements from Gazetteer Listings, 1856-1864
3.
Hierarchical Order of Central Places in Michigan in 1860 Based on Functional Index Values
Endnotes
Bibliography
Index
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
West to Far Michigan: Settling the Lower Peninsula, 1815-1860
by Kenneth E. Lewis
Michigan State University Press, 2001 eISBN: 978-0-87013-934-5 Cloth: 978-0-87013-551-4
West to Far Michigan is a study of the lower peninsula's occupation by agriculturalists, whose presence forever transformed the land and helped to create the modern state of Michigan. This is not simply a history of Michigan, but rather a work that focuses on why the state developed as it did. Although Michigan is seen today as an industrial state whose history is couched in terms of the fur trade and the international rivalry for the Great Lakes, agricultural settlement shaped its expansion. Using a model of agricultural colonization derived from comparative studies, Lewis examines the settlement process in Michigan between 1815 and 1860. This period marked the opening of Michigan to immigrants, saw the rise of commercial agriculture, and witnessed Michigan's integration into the larger national economy.
Employing numerous primary sources, West to Far Michigan traces changes and patterns of settlement crucial to documenting the large-scale development of southern Michigan as a region. Diaries, letters, memoirs, gazetteers, and legal documents serve to transform the more abstract elements of economic and social change into more human terms. Through the experiences of the early Agriculturists process, we can gain insight into how their triumphs played out in communities within the region to produce small-scale elements that comprise the fabric of the larger cultural landscape.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Kenneth E. Lewis is Professor of Anthropology at Michigan State University. As a historical archaeologist, he has investigated material aspects of colonization in geographical contexts and has written extensively on British colonization on the southern Atlantic Seaboard.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
1.
Frontier Studies: An Approach to Michigan's Past
Landscapes, Settlement Patterning, and Frontiers
Processes of Frontier Colonization
Settlement Patterning on the Michigan Frontier
Production and Spatial Organization
Transportation and Spatial Patterning
Settlement Patterning and Organization
The Distinctness of Colonization in Southern Michigan
2.
Michigan Before 1815: Prelude to American Settlement
The European Presence
The Aboriginal Response
Political Change in the Old Northwest
The Pacification of Aboriginal Peoples
A Knowledge of the Regional Landscape
The Entrepôt of Detroit
Routes of Access to the Michigan Frontier
The Rise of the Northeast and Western Expansion
3.
The Environmental Context of Colonization
The Orientation of Frontier Perspective
The Physical Landscape
Images of the Land: Pioneer Evaluations of Michigan's Environment
Heavy Timbered Lands
Oak Openings
Prairies
Marsh and Swamplands
Pine Lands
Perceptions of Michigan's Climate
Health and Disease in Michigan
The Importance of the Aboriginal Landscape
4.
The Impact of Perception on Settlement
The Eastern Shore
The Saginaw River Drainage
The St. Joseph River Drainage
The Kalamazoo River Drainage
The Grand River Drainage
The Western Shore
Perceptions and Settlement
5.
The Transfer of Land
Obtaining Government Possession: The Treaty Process
Michigan Indians and the Cession of Lands
The Eastern Peninsula Groups and the Saginaw-Chippewas
The Potawatomis in the Southwest
The Ottawas on Grand River
The Legal Framework for Land Distribution
The Survey and Distribution of Michigan Lands
6.
The Settlers' Acquisition of Land
The Cost of Land and Farm-Making
Strategies for Land Acquisition
Speculation and Frontier Development
The Influence of Speculation in Southern Michigan
Squatting and Preemption
7.
Strategies for Settlement
Motivations for Colonization
Communities of Accretion: An Amalgam of Diversity
Covenanted Communities: Cities upon a Hill
Colonizing Strategies and Settlement Patterning
8.
Michigan's Frontier Economy in 1845
Initial Adaptations on the Michigan Frontier
Early Pioneer Strategies of Subsistence
The Organization of the Frontier Economy
9.
Population Expansion, Transportation, and Settlement Patterning on the Michigan Frontier, 1845-1860
Estimating the Expansion of Population
Evidence for Settlement Distribution in Frontier Michigan
The Development of Roads in a Frontier Economy
The Organization of Settlement in the Colonial Economy
The Late Frontier Landscape in Michigan
10.
Long-Distance Transportation and External Trade
Overland Transport in Expansion and Development
The Erie Canal and the Lake Passage to Michigan
Railroad Expansion and Western Commerce
11.
The Restructuring of Michigan Agriculture
A Focus on Marketable Crops
Corn, for Food, Feed, and Drink
Wheat, the Market Grain of Choice
Field Crops, Fruit, and Specialty Crops
Dairying and Wool Production
Agricultural Innovations and Improvement
Changes in Agricultural Technology
The Infrastructure of Processing and Settlement Patterning
12.
The Organization of Production and Marketing
Banking, Credit, and the Expansion of Production
External Exchange in a Frontier Economy
The Railroad, the Elevator, and the Restructuring of Trade
Economic Change and Settlement Patterning
13.
The Consolidation of Settlement and Transportation In a Transitional Economy
Railroads and Market Expansion
The System of Feeder Roads
Transportation and Settlement Structure in 1860
Exploring Settlement Function
14.
The Landscape of Settlement in Southern Michigan in 1860
15.
Epilogue
Appendices
1.
Populations of Michigan Settlements from Censuses, 1854–1864
2.
Populations of Michigan Settlements from Gazetteer Listings, 1856-1864
3.
Hierarchical Order of Central Places in Michigan in 1860 Based on Functional Index Values
Endnotes
Bibliography
Index
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE