Inventing a Soviet Countryside: State Power and the Transformation of Rural Russia, 1917–1929
by James W. Heinzen
University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004 Cloth: 978-0-8229-4215-3 | eISBN: 978-0-8229-7078-1 | Paper: 978-0-8229-6175-8 Library of Congress Classification HD1992.H45 2004 Dewey Decimal Classification 338.1094709042
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ABOUT THIS BOOK
Following the largest peasant revolution in history, Russia's urban-based Bolshevik regime was faced with a monumental task: to peacefully “modernize” and eventually “socialize” the peasants in the countryside surrounding Russia's cities. To accomplish this, the Bolshevik leadership created the People's Commissariat of Agriculture (Narkomzem), which would eventually employ 70,000 workers. This commissariat was particularly important, both because of massive famine and because peasants composed the majority of Russia's population; it was also regarded as one of the most moderate state agencies because of its nonviolent approach to rural transformation.
Working from recently opened historical archives, James Heinzen presents a balanced, thorough examination of the political, social, and cultural dilemmas present in the Bolsheviks' strategy for modernizing of the peasantry. He especially focuses on the state employees charged with no less than a complete transformation of an entire class of people. Heinzen ultimately shows how disputes among those involved in this plan-from the government, to Communist leaders, to the peasants themselves-led to the shuttering of the Commissariat of Agriculture and to Stalin's cataclysmic 1929 collectivization of agriculture.
REVIEWS
“James W. Heinzen’s work fills a significant gap in the extensive historiography of the New Economic Policy (NEP) . . . The book studies the organization and staffing of NKZem RSFSR, offers some memorable portraits of its leading figures, especially its head, Alexander Petrovich Smirnov, and delves into the complexity of policy making in this era and the clash of institutional interests that had a major impact on policy. . . . Heinzen makes a convincing case that Smirnov and the specialists in NKZem RSFSR were one of the major sources of ideas and policies for the ‘Rightists’ within the party leadership. . . . The book is distinguished by its thoroughness, and by its cool and balanced judgment. . . . This study brings out the full complexity of the Bolshevik regime, its dilemmas, and its internal contraditions.” --American Historical Review
"James W. Heinzen's fine study of the Commissariat of Agriculture (Narkomzem) focuses on the contradictory processes of Soviet state building in the countryside. Particularly important are Heinzen's insights into the activities of Aleksandr P. Smirnov, a major champion and theorist of the New Economic Policy. Smirnov and the Commissariat have remained relatively obscure to historians of the period who, while concentrating on the party, have underrated the complex relations between state commissariats, the Communist Party, and the population. . . . Heinzen makes effective use of state and party archives to detail the Commissariat's affiliation with the rightt wing of the party, emphasizing both the degree to which the right was entrenched in the state bureaucracy, and, paradoxically, its vulnerability even at the height of NEP. . . . Heinzen's clear, well-documented book makes a substantial contribution to the scholarship on the early Soviet state." —Slavic Review
“This is an extremely valuable and well-researched account of an understudied aspect of Russian post-revolutionary history, skillfully weaving together institutional, economic and political history.” --Revolutionary Russia
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Acknowledgments 00
Introduction 1
Chapter 1. A False Start: The Birth and Early Activities of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, 19171920 000
Chapter 2. A Struggle for Identity: The Uncertain Transition to the New Economic Policy, 19211923 000
Chapter 3. "Too Many Comrades Misunderstand the Countryside": A Commissariat Comes of Age, 19231927 000
Chapter 4. Socialism in One Countryside: Architects of a New Rural Russia, 19231927 000
Chapter 5. Professional Identity and the Vision of the Modern Soviet Countryside: Local Agricultural Specialists, 19271929 000
Chapter 6. Better Red than Bread? Purge, Collectivization, and the Defeat of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, 19271929 000
Conclusion 000
Glossary and Abbreviations 000
Notes 000
Index 000
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Agriculture and state Soviet Union History, Agriculture Economic aspects Soviet Union History, Russian S, F, S, R, Narodny�i komissariat zemledeli�i�a, Rural development Soviet Union, Peasantry Soviet Union History, Soviet Union Economic policy 1917-1928
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Inventing a Soviet Countryside: State Power and the Transformation of Rural Russia, 1917–1929
by James W. Heinzen
University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004 Cloth: 978-0-8229-4215-3 eISBN: 978-0-8229-7078-1 Paper: 978-0-8229-6175-8
Following the largest peasant revolution in history, Russia's urban-based Bolshevik regime was faced with a monumental task: to peacefully “modernize” and eventually “socialize” the peasants in the countryside surrounding Russia's cities. To accomplish this, the Bolshevik leadership created the People's Commissariat of Agriculture (Narkomzem), which would eventually employ 70,000 workers. This commissariat was particularly important, both because of massive famine and because peasants composed the majority of Russia's population; it was also regarded as one of the most moderate state agencies because of its nonviolent approach to rural transformation.
Working from recently opened historical archives, James Heinzen presents a balanced, thorough examination of the political, social, and cultural dilemmas present in the Bolsheviks' strategy for modernizing of the peasantry. He especially focuses on the state employees charged with no less than a complete transformation of an entire class of people. Heinzen ultimately shows how disputes among those involved in this plan-from the government, to Communist leaders, to the peasants themselves-led to the shuttering of the Commissariat of Agriculture and to Stalin's cataclysmic 1929 collectivization of agriculture.
REVIEWS
“James W. Heinzen’s work fills a significant gap in the extensive historiography of the New Economic Policy (NEP) . . . The book studies the organization and staffing of NKZem RSFSR, offers some memorable portraits of its leading figures, especially its head, Alexander Petrovich Smirnov, and delves into the complexity of policy making in this era and the clash of institutional interests that had a major impact on policy. . . . Heinzen makes a convincing case that Smirnov and the specialists in NKZem RSFSR were one of the major sources of ideas and policies for the ‘Rightists’ within the party leadership. . . . The book is distinguished by its thoroughness, and by its cool and balanced judgment. . . . This study brings out the full complexity of the Bolshevik regime, its dilemmas, and its internal contraditions.” --American Historical Review
"James W. Heinzen's fine study of the Commissariat of Agriculture (Narkomzem) focuses on the contradictory processes of Soviet state building in the countryside. Particularly important are Heinzen's insights into the activities of Aleksandr P. Smirnov, a major champion and theorist of the New Economic Policy. Smirnov and the Commissariat have remained relatively obscure to historians of the period who, while concentrating on the party, have underrated the complex relations between state commissariats, the Communist Party, and the population. . . . Heinzen makes effective use of state and party archives to detail the Commissariat's affiliation with the rightt wing of the party, emphasizing both the degree to which the right was entrenched in the state bureaucracy, and, paradoxically, its vulnerability even at the height of NEP. . . . Heinzen's clear, well-documented book makes a substantial contribution to the scholarship on the early Soviet state." —Slavic Review
“This is an extremely valuable and well-researched account of an understudied aspect of Russian post-revolutionary history, skillfully weaving together institutional, economic and political history.” --Revolutionary Russia
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Acknowledgments 00
Introduction 1
Chapter 1. A False Start: The Birth and Early Activities of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, 19171920 000
Chapter 2. A Struggle for Identity: The Uncertain Transition to the New Economic Policy, 19211923 000
Chapter 3. "Too Many Comrades Misunderstand the Countryside": A Commissariat Comes of Age, 19231927 000
Chapter 4. Socialism in One Countryside: Architects of a New Rural Russia, 19231927 000
Chapter 5. Professional Identity and the Vision of the Modern Soviet Countryside: Local Agricultural Specialists, 19271929 000
Chapter 6. Better Red than Bread? Purge, Collectivization, and the Defeat of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, 19271929 000
Conclusion 000
Glossary and Abbreviations 000
Notes 000
Index 000
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Agriculture and state Soviet Union History, Agriculture Economic aspects Soviet Union History, Russian S, F, S, R, Narodny�i komissariat zemledeli�i�a, Rural development Soviet Union, Peasantry Soviet Union History, Soviet Union Economic policy 1917-1928
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.
ABOUT THIS BOOK | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE