Threatening Anthropology: McCarthyism and the FBI’s Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists
by David H. Price
Duke University Press, 2004 Cloth: 978-0-8223-3326-5 | Paper: 978-0-8223-3338-8 | eISBN: 978-0-8223-8568-4 Library of Congress Classification GN17.3.U5P75 2004 Dewey Decimal Classification 301.097309045
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
A vital reminder of the importance of academic freedom, Threatening Anthropology offers a meticulously detailed account of how U.S. Cold War surveillance damaged the field of anthropology. David H. Price reveals how dozens of activist anthropologists were publicly and privately persecuted during the Red Scares of the 1940s and 1950s. He shows that it was not Communist Party membership or Marxist beliefs that attracted the most intense scrutiny from the fbi and congressional committees but rather social activism, particularly for racial justice. Demonstrating that the fbi’s focus on anthropologists lessened as activist work and Marxist analysis in the field tapered off, Price argues that the impact of McCarthyism on anthropology extended far beyond the lives of those who lost their jobs. Its messages of fear and censorship had a pervasive chilling effect on anthropological investigation. As critiques that might attract government attention were abandoned, scholarship was curtailed.
Price draws on extensive archival research including correspondence, oral histories, published sources, court hearings, and more than 30,000 pages of fbi and government memorandums released to him under the Freedom of Information Act. He describes government monitoring of activism and leftist thought on college campuses, the surveillance of specific anthropologists, and the disturbing failure of the academic community—including the American Anthropological Association—to challenge the witch hunts. Today the “war on terror” is invoked to license the government’s renewed monitoring of academic work, and it is increasingly difficult for researchers to access government documents, as Price reveals in the appendix describing his wrangling with Freedom of Information Act requests. A disquieting chronicle of censorship and its consequences in the past, Threatening Anthropology is an impassioned cautionary tale for the present.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
David H. Price is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Saint Martin’s College in Lacey, Washington. He is the author of the Atlas of World Cultures: A Geographical Guide to Ethnographic Literature.
REVIEWS
“An enthralling expedition into the heart of academic darkness. David H. Price brilliantly confirms that there are no depths to which policemen and professors will not sink.”—Alexander Cockburn, coeditor of CounterPunch and columnist for The Nation
“David H. Price’s painstaking account of political repression in anthropology after the Second World War is a unique contribution to the history of the field. More than that, it may foreshadow what some today may entertain. Let us hope not, but let us not be naive.”—Dell Hymes, editor of Reinventing Anthropology
“Threatening Anthropology is a bold piece of scholarship, one that breaks the silence on many issues in the American trajectory that have changed only a bit since the Cold War and—given recent indications—might still come to the foreground in such a way as to make the McCarthy era look like play.”—Laura Nader, University of California, Berkeley
"That Price had the drive, the stamina, and the imagination to pursue this arduous task for more than a decade is an effort for which all anthropologists, and all of those interested in the history of the McCarthy years, must be profoundly grateful. . . . Price's book . . . is an illuminating contribution to 'anthropology's understanding of itself'-one that should be on the shelf of every serious student of the history of U.S. anthropology."
-- George W. Stocking Jr. American Anthropologist
"This book is a spellbinder, a creative contribution to the history of anthropology, to understanding post-9/11 reactions, and to recalling threads of repression in American society that are continuous. It is a provocative, seminal contribution to scholarly history."
-- Laura Nader The Historian
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface xvii
1 A Running Start at the Cold War: Time, Place, and Outcomes 1
2 Melville Jacobs, Albert Canwell, and the University of Washington Regents: A Message Sent 34
3 Syncopated Incompetence: The American Anthropological Association’s Reluctance to Protect Academic Freedom 50
4 Hoover’s Informer 70
5 Lessons Learned: Jacobs’s Fallout and Swadesh’s Troubles 90
6 Public Show Trials: Gene Weltfish and a Conspiracy of Silence 109
7 Bernhard Stern: “A Sense of Atrophy among Those Who Fear: 136
8 Persecuting Equality: The Travails of Jack Harris and Mary Shepardson 154
9 Estimating the FBI’s Means and Methods 169
10 Known Shades of Red: Marxist Anthropologists Who Escaped Public Show Trials 195
11 Red Diaper Babies, Suspect Agnates, Cognates, and Affines 225
12 Culture, Equality, Poverty, and Paranoia: The FBI, Oscar Lewis, and Margaret Mead 237
13 Crusading Liberals Advocating for Racial Justice: Philleo Nash and Ashley Montagu 263
14 The Suspicions of Internationalists 284
15 A Glimpse of Post-McCarthyism: FBI Surveillance and Consequences for Activism 306
16 Through a Fog Darkly: The Cold War’s Impact on Free Inquiry 341
Appendix: On Using the Freedom of Information Act 355
Notes 363
Bibliography 383
Index 405
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If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
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Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
Threatening Anthropology: McCarthyism and the FBI’s Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists
by David H. Price
Duke University Press, 2004 Cloth: 978-0-8223-3326-5 Paper: 978-0-8223-3338-8 eISBN: 978-0-8223-8568-4
A vital reminder of the importance of academic freedom, Threatening Anthropology offers a meticulously detailed account of how U.S. Cold War surveillance damaged the field of anthropology. David H. Price reveals how dozens of activist anthropologists were publicly and privately persecuted during the Red Scares of the 1940s and 1950s. He shows that it was not Communist Party membership or Marxist beliefs that attracted the most intense scrutiny from the fbi and congressional committees but rather social activism, particularly for racial justice. Demonstrating that the fbi’s focus on anthropologists lessened as activist work and Marxist analysis in the field tapered off, Price argues that the impact of McCarthyism on anthropology extended far beyond the lives of those who lost their jobs. Its messages of fear and censorship had a pervasive chilling effect on anthropological investigation. As critiques that might attract government attention were abandoned, scholarship was curtailed.
Price draws on extensive archival research including correspondence, oral histories, published sources, court hearings, and more than 30,000 pages of fbi and government memorandums released to him under the Freedom of Information Act. He describes government monitoring of activism and leftist thought on college campuses, the surveillance of specific anthropologists, and the disturbing failure of the academic community—including the American Anthropological Association—to challenge the witch hunts. Today the “war on terror” is invoked to license the government’s renewed monitoring of academic work, and it is increasingly difficult for researchers to access government documents, as Price reveals in the appendix describing his wrangling with Freedom of Information Act requests. A disquieting chronicle of censorship and its consequences in the past, Threatening Anthropology is an impassioned cautionary tale for the present.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
David H. Price is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Saint Martin’s College in Lacey, Washington. He is the author of the Atlas of World Cultures: A Geographical Guide to Ethnographic Literature.
REVIEWS
“An enthralling expedition into the heart of academic darkness. David H. Price brilliantly confirms that there are no depths to which policemen and professors will not sink.”—Alexander Cockburn, coeditor of CounterPunch and columnist for The Nation
“David H. Price’s painstaking account of political repression in anthropology after the Second World War is a unique contribution to the history of the field. More than that, it may foreshadow what some today may entertain. Let us hope not, but let us not be naive.”—Dell Hymes, editor of Reinventing Anthropology
“Threatening Anthropology is a bold piece of scholarship, one that breaks the silence on many issues in the American trajectory that have changed only a bit since the Cold War and—given recent indications—might still come to the foreground in such a way as to make the McCarthy era look like play.”—Laura Nader, University of California, Berkeley
"That Price had the drive, the stamina, and the imagination to pursue this arduous task for more than a decade is an effort for which all anthropologists, and all of those interested in the history of the McCarthy years, must be profoundly grateful. . . . Price's book . . . is an illuminating contribution to 'anthropology's understanding of itself'-one that should be on the shelf of every serious student of the history of U.S. anthropology."
-- George W. Stocking Jr. American Anthropologist
"This book is a spellbinder, a creative contribution to the history of anthropology, to understanding post-9/11 reactions, and to recalling threads of repression in American society that are continuous. It is a provocative, seminal contribution to scholarly history."
-- Laura Nader The Historian
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface xvii
1 A Running Start at the Cold War: Time, Place, and Outcomes 1
2 Melville Jacobs, Albert Canwell, and the University of Washington Regents: A Message Sent 34
3 Syncopated Incompetence: The American Anthropological Association’s Reluctance to Protect Academic Freedom 50
4 Hoover’s Informer 70
5 Lessons Learned: Jacobs’s Fallout and Swadesh’s Troubles 90
6 Public Show Trials: Gene Weltfish and a Conspiracy of Silence 109
7 Bernhard Stern: “A Sense of Atrophy among Those Who Fear: 136
8 Persecuting Equality: The Travails of Jack Harris and Mary Shepardson 154
9 Estimating the FBI’s Means and Methods 169
10 Known Shades of Red: Marxist Anthropologists Who Escaped Public Show Trials 195
11 Red Diaper Babies, Suspect Agnates, Cognates, and Affines 225
12 Culture, Equality, Poverty, and Paranoia: The FBI, Oscar Lewis, and Margaret Mead 237
13 Crusading Liberals Advocating for Racial Justice: Philleo Nash and Ashley Montagu 263
14 The Suspicions of Internationalists 284
15 A Glimpse of Post-McCarthyism: FBI Surveillance and Consequences for Activism 306
16 Through a Fog Darkly: The Cold War’s Impact on Free Inquiry 341
Appendix: On Using the Freedom of Information Act 355
Notes 363
Bibliography 383
Index 405
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE