English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century China
by James L. Hevia
Duke University Press, 2003 Cloth: 978-0-8223-3151-3 | eISBN: 978-0-8223-8506-6 | Paper: 978-0-8223-3188-9 Library of Congress Classification DS740.5.G5H484 2003 Dewey Decimal Classification 951.033
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Inserting China into the history of nineteenth-century colonialism, English Lessons explores the ways that Euroamerican imperial powers humiliated the Qing monarchy and disciplined the Qing polity in the wake of multipower invasions of China in 1860 and 1900. Focusing on the processes by which Great Britain enacted a pedagogical project that was itself a form of colonization, James L. Hevia demonstrates how British actors instructed the Manchu-Chinese elite on “proper” behavior in a world dominated by multiple imperial powers. Their aim was to “bring China low” and make it a willing participant in British strategic goals in Asia. These lessons not only transformed the Qing dynasty but ultimately contributed to its destruction.
Hevia analyzes British Foreign Office documents, diplomatic memoirs, auction house and museum records, nineteenth-century scholarly analyses of Chinese history and culture, campaign records, and photographs. He shows how Britain refigured its imperial project in China as a cultural endeavor through examinations of the circulation of military loot in Europe, the creation of an art history of “things Chinese,” the construction of a field of knowledge about China, and the Great Game rivalry between Britain, Russia, and the Qing empire in Central Asia. In so doing, he illuminates the impact of these elements on the colonial project and the creation of a national consciousness in China.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
James L. Hevia is Chair of the Curriculum in International and Area Studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His book Cherishing Men from Afar: Qing Guest Ritual and the Macartney Embassy of 1793 (published by Duke University Press) won the Joseph Levenson Prize from the Association for Asian Studies.
REVIEWS
“I am very positive about this book because James L. Hevia’s efforts to move beyond a ‘China-centered approach’ are fresh and innovative. His chapters on the Boxers and their aftermath are the best part of the book. By reconstructing the polychromatic, global imperialist context circa 1900, Hevia thus builds on more recent views that have been drawn mainly from Chinese sources. Rather than essentialize ‘Western imperialism’ and ‘China's victimization’ in black and white, Hevia presents a more penetrating account of Euro-America's ‘civilizing mission’ before and after 1900.”—Benjamin A. Elman, Professor of East Asian Studies and History, Princeton University
“James L. Hevia takes the notion of imperial discipline and pedagogy beyond metaphor to precise illustration and explanation. With the help of a wonderfully selected set of prints and the mastery of an unusual set of archives, English Lessons manages to make of the familiar story of British imperialism in China something new and startling.”—Marilyn B. Young, Professor of History, New York University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Illustrations and Tables ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Abbreviations xvii
I. Introduction: Imperialism, Colonialism, and China 1
Part I: Opium Wars and Treaties of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce 29
2. The Arrow War, 1856-1860 31
3. Violence and the Rule of Law in China, 1856-1858 49
4. Beijing 1860: Loot, Prize, and a Solemn Act of Retribution 74
Part II: Reterritorializing China, 1861-1900 119
5. Constructing a New Order 123
6. The Qing Empire in the Era of European Global Hegemony 156
Part III: Making China Perfectly Equal 185
7. A Reign of Terror: Punishment and Retribution in Beijing and Its Environs 195
8. Desacralizing Qing Sovereignty, 1900-1901 241
9. Mnemonic Devices: Memorializing the West as Victim and Hero 282
10. The Return of the Repressed, Recirculations, and Chinese Patriotism 315
Postscript 346
Bibliography 351
Index 375
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English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century China
by James L. Hevia
Duke University Press, 2003 Cloth: 978-0-8223-3151-3 eISBN: 978-0-8223-8506-6 Paper: 978-0-8223-3188-9
Inserting China into the history of nineteenth-century colonialism, English Lessons explores the ways that Euroamerican imperial powers humiliated the Qing monarchy and disciplined the Qing polity in the wake of multipower invasions of China in 1860 and 1900. Focusing on the processes by which Great Britain enacted a pedagogical project that was itself a form of colonization, James L. Hevia demonstrates how British actors instructed the Manchu-Chinese elite on “proper” behavior in a world dominated by multiple imperial powers. Their aim was to “bring China low” and make it a willing participant in British strategic goals in Asia. These lessons not only transformed the Qing dynasty but ultimately contributed to its destruction.
Hevia analyzes British Foreign Office documents, diplomatic memoirs, auction house and museum records, nineteenth-century scholarly analyses of Chinese history and culture, campaign records, and photographs. He shows how Britain refigured its imperial project in China as a cultural endeavor through examinations of the circulation of military loot in Europe, the creation of an art history of “things Chinese,” the construction of a field of knowledge about China, and the Great Game rivalry between Britain, Russia, and the Qing empire in Central Asia. In so doing, he illuminates the impact of these elements on the colonial project and the creation of a national consciousness in China.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
James L. Hevia is Chair of the Curriculum in International and Area Studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His book Cherishing Men from Afar: Qing Guest Ritual and the Macartney Embassy of 1793 (published by Duke University Press) won the Joseph Levenson Prize from the Association for Asian Studies.
REVIEWS
“I am very positive about this book because James L. Hevia’s efforts to move beyond a ‘China-centered approach’ are fresh and innovative. His chapters on the Boxers and their aftermath are the best part of the book. By reconstructing the polychromatic, global imperialist context circa 1900, Hevia thus builds on more recent views that have been drawn mainly from Chinese sources. Rather than essentialize ‘Western imperialism’ and ‘China's victimization’ in black and white, Hevia presents a more penetrating account of Euro-America's ‘civilizing mission’ before and after 1900.”—Benjamin A. Elman, Professor of East Asian Studies and History, Princeton University
“James L. Hevia takes the notion of imperial discipline and pedagogy beyond metaphor to precise illustration and explanation. With the help of a wonderfully selected set of prints and the mastery of an unusual set of archives, English Lessons manages to make of the familiar story of British imperialism in China something new and startling.”—Marilyn B. Young, Professor of History, New York University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Illustrations and Tables ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Abbreviations xvii
I. Introduction: Imperialism, Colonialism, and China 1
Part I: Opium Wars and Treaties of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce 29
2. The Arrow War, 1856-1860 31
3. Violence and the Rule of Law in China, 1856-1858 49
4. Beijing 1860: Loot, Prize, and a Solemn Act of Retribution 74
Part II: Reterritorializing China, 1861-1900 119
5. Constructing a New Order 123
6. The Qing Empire in the Era of European Global Hegemony 156
Part III: Making China Perfectly Equal 185
7. A Reign of Terror: Punishment and Retribution in Beijing and Its Environs 195
8. Desacralizing Qing Sovereignty, 1900-1901 241
9. Mnemonic Devices: Memorializing the West as Victim and Hero 282
10. The Return of the Repressed, Recirculations, and Chinese Patriotism 315
Postscript 346
Bibliography 351
Index 375
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE