A Right to Read: Segregation and Civil Rights in Alabama's Public Libraries, 1900–1965
by Patterson Toby Graham
University of Alabama Press, 2006 Cloth: 978-0-8173-1144-5 | eISBN: 978-0-8173-1335-7 | Paper: 978-0-8173-5371-1 Library of Congress Classification Z711.9.G73 2002 Dewey Decimal Classification 027.4761
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
This original and significant contribution to the historiography of the civil rights movement and education in the South details a dramatic and disturbing chapter in American cultural history.
The tradition of American public libraries is closely tied to the perception that these institutions are open to all without regard to social background. Such was not the case in the segregated South, however, where public libraries barred entry to millions of African Americans and provided tacit support for a culture of white supremacy. A Right to Read is the first book to examine public library segregation from its origins in the late 19th century through its end during the tumultuous years of the 1960s civil rights movement. Graham focuses on Alabama, where African Americans, denied access to white libraries, worked to establish and maintain their own "Negro branches." These libraries-separate but never equal-were always underfunded and inadequately prepared to meet the needs of their constituencies.
By 1960, however, African Americans turned their attention toward desegregating the white public libraries their taxes helped support. They carried out "read-ins" and other protests designed to bring attention and judicial pressure upon the segregationists. Patterson Toby Graham contends that, for librarians, the civil rights movement in their institutions represented a conflict of values that pitted their professional ethics against regional mores. He details how several librarians in Alabama took the dangerous course of opposing segregationists, sometimes with unsettling results.
This groundbreaking work built on primary evidence will have wide cross-disciplinary appeal. Students and scholars of southern and African-American history, civil rights, and social science, as well as academic and public librarians, will appreciate Graham's solid research and astute analysis.
Patterson Toby Graham is Head of Special Collections at the University
of Southern Mississippi. His research on library segregation has won four
awards, including the ALISE-Eugene Garfield Dissertation Award.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Patterson Toby Graham is Head of Special Collections at the University of Southern Mississippi. His research on library segregation has won four awards, including the ALISE-Eugene Garfield Dissertation Award.
REVIEWS
"This book is crisply written, flows smoothly, and tells an important and interesting story."
—Edwin C. Bridges, Director, Alabma Department of Archives and History
— -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Black Libraries and White Attitudes, The Early Years:
Birmingham and Mobile, I9I8-193I
Birmingham and the Booker T Washington
Branch Library
Mobile and the Davis Avenue Branch Library
2. Black Libraries and White Attitudes II:
The Depression Years
Black Libraries and Philanthropy during the
Depression: Walker County
The Works Progress Administration and
Black Libraries
The Tennessee Valley Authority: Black Libraries and
Regional Development
Welfare Capitalism and the National Youth
Administration: The Slossfield Negro Branch Library
3. African-American Communities and the Black Public
Library Movement, 1941-1954
The Dulcina DeBerry Branch Library, Huntsville
The Union Street Branch Library, Montgomery
Birmingham Negro Advisory Committee
4. The Read-In Movement: Desegregating Alabama's
Public Libraries, 1960-1963
Mobile, I96I
Montgomery, 1962
Huntsville, 1962
Birmingham, 1963
Anniston, I963
5. Librarians and the Civil Rights Movement, x955-I965
Juliette Hampton Morgan and the Montgomery
Bus Boycott
Emily Wheelock Reed and The Rabbits' Wedding
Controversy
Patricia Blalock and the Selma Public Library
The American Library Association
The Alabama Library Association
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliographic Essay
Contemporary Literature on Segregated Libraries, 1913-I953
Contemporary Literature on Segregated Libraries, 1954-1972
Atlanta University Theses
American Library Association
Library History Secondary Works
Segregated Libraries and Progressivism
The Civil Rights Movement in Alabama
Other Historical Works on Race
Unpublished Sources
A Right to Read: Segregation and Civil Rights in Alabama's Public Libraries, 1900–1965
by Patterson Toby Graham
University of Alabama Press, 2006 Cloth: 978-0-8173-1144-5 eISBN: 978-0-8173-1335-7 Paper: 978-0-8173-5371-1
This original and significant contribution to the historiography of the civil rights movement and education in the South details a dramatic and disturbing chapter in American cultural history.
The tradition of American public libraries is closely tied to the perception that these institutions are open to all without regard to social background. Such was not the case in the segregated South, however, where public libraries barred entry to millions of African Americans and provided tacit support for a culture of white supremacy. A Right to Read is the first book to examine public library segregation from its origins in the late 19th century through its end during the tumultuous years of the 1960s civil rights movement. Graham focuses on Alabama, where African Americans, denied access to white libraries, worked to establish and maintain their own "Negro branches." These libraries-separate but never equal-were always underfunded and inadequately prepared to meet the needs of their constituencies.
By 1960, however, African Americans turned their attention toward desegregating the white public libraries their taxes helped support. They carried out "read-ins" and other protests designed to bring attention and judicial pressure upon the segregationists. Patterson Toby Graham contends that, for librarians, the civil rights movement in their institutions represented a conflict of values that pitted their professional ethics against regional mores. He details how several librarians in Alabama took the dangerous course of opposing segregationists, sometimes with unsettling results.
This groundbreaking work built on primary evidence will have wide cross-disciplinary appeal. Students and scholars of southern and African-American history, civil rights, and social science, as well as academic and public librarians, will appreciate Graham's solid research and astute analysis.
Patterson Toby Graham is Head of Special Collections at the University
of Southern Mississippi. His research on library segregation has won four
awards, including the ALISE-Eugene Garfield Dissertation Award.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Patterson Toby Graham is Head of Special Collections at the University of Southern Mississippi. His research on library segregation has won four awards, including the ALISE-Eugene Garfield Dissertation Award.
REVIEWS
"This book is crisply written, flows smoothly, and tells an important and interesting story."
—Edwin C. Bridges, Director, Alabma Department of Archives and History
— -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Black Libraries and White Attitudes, The Early Years:
Birmingham and Mobile, I9I8-193I
Birmingham and the Booker T Washington
Branch Library
Mobile and the Davis Avenue Branch Library
2. Black Libraries and White Attitudes II:
The Depression Years
Black Libraries and Philanthropy during the
Depression: Walker County
The Works Progress Administration and
Black Libraries
The Tennessee Valley Authority: Black Libraries and
Regional Development
Welfare Capitalism and the National Youth
Administration: The Slossfield Negro Branch Library
3. African-American Communities and the Black Public
Library Movement, 1941-1954
The Dulcina DeBerry Branch Library, Huntsville
The Union Street Branch Library, Montgomery
Birmingham Negro Advisory Committee
4. The Read-In Movement: Desegregating Alabama's
Public Libraries, 1960-1963
Mobile, I96I
Montgomery, 1962
Huntsville, 1962
Birmingham, 1963
Anniston, I963
5. Librarians and the Civil Rights Movement, x955-I965
Juliette Hampton Morgan and the Montgomery
Bus Boycott
Emily Wheelock Reed and The Rabbits' Wedding
Controversy
Patricia Blalock and the Selma Public Library
The American Library Association
The Alabama Library Association
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliographic Essay
Contemporary Literature on Segregated Libraries, 1913-I953
Contemporary Literature on Segregated Libraries, 1954-1972
Atlanta University Theses
American Library Association
Library History Secondary Works
Segregated Libraries and Progressivism
The Civil Rights Movement in Alabama
Other Historical Works on Race
Unpublished Sources
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC