University of Arizona Press, 2003 Paper: 978-0-8165-2280-4 | eISBN: 978-0-8165-3594-1 Library of Congress Classification E99.H7.L96 2003 Dewey Decimal Classification 979.01
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Southwestern archaeologists have long speculated about the scale and impact of ancient population movements. In Ancestral Hopi Migrations, Patrick Lyons infers the movement of large numbers of people from the Kayenta and Tusayan regions of northern Arizona to every major river valley in Arizona, parts of New Mexico, and northern Mexico. Building upon earlier studies, Lyons uses chemical sourcing of ceramics and analyses of painted pottery designs to distinguish among traces of exchange, emulation, and migration. He demonstrates strong similarities among the pottery traditions of the Kayenta region, the Hopi Mesas, and the Homol'ovi villages, near Winslow, Arizona. Architectural evidence marshaled by Lyons corroborates his conclusion that the inhabitants of Homol'ovi were immigrants from the north. Placing the Homol'ovi case study in a larger context, Lyons synthesizes evidence of northern immigrants recovered from sites dating between A.D. 1250 and 1450. His data support Patricia Crown's contention that the movement of these groups is linked to the origin of the Salado polychromes and further indicate that these immigrants and their descendants were responsible for the production of Roosevelt Red Ware throughout much of the Greater Southwest. Offering an innovative juxtaposition of anthropological data bearing on Hopi migrations and oral accounts of the tribe's origin and history, Lyons highlights the many points of agreement between these two bodies of knowledge. Lyons argues that appreciating the scale of population movement that characterized the late prehistoric period is prerequisite to understanding regional phenomena such as Salado and to illuminating the connections between tribal peoples of the Southwest and their ancestors.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Patrick D. Lyons is a preservation archaeologist at the Center for Desert Archaeology in Tucson and former Emil W. Haury Fellow in the Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. STUDYING ANCIENT MIGRATIONS 1
In Defense of Culture History 1
Migration Revisited 4
Traditional Approaches: Migration
as an Event 4
Recent Advances: Migration as
Process 5
Clark's Enculturation and Co-
Residence Model 8
Tracking Ancient Migrations with
Compositional Analyses 9
The "Multidimensional Approach"
to Ceramic Variability 9
Archaeological Approaches to Style 11
A New Synthesis 12
2. ANCESTRAL HOPI MIGRATION
MARKERS 14
Hisat.sinom, Hopis, and Units
of Culture History 14
Kayenta, Tusayan, and Winslow
Branches of the Anasazi 15
Kayenta Branch 15
Tusayan Branch 16
Winslow Branch 17
Traces of Ancient Immigrants 18
Perforated Plates 18
Babe-in-Cradle Effigies and
Effigy Handles 24
Colanders 25
"Rivet-Attachment" of Ladle Handles 27
The Maverick Mountain Series 28
Kivas 30
The Kayenta Entrybox Complex 33
Other Migration Markers 34
Modeling Ancient Demography 35
The Scale of Ancestral Hopi
Migration, A.D. 1250-1450 35
Tracking Population Dynamics
on the Hopi Mesas 37
3. ANCESTRAL HOPI ARCHAEOLOGY
AT HOMOL'OVI 39
Homol'ovi: A Hopi Place 39
Winslow Orange Ware and the Origins
of the People of Homol'ovi 41
Compositional Analysis of Winslow
Orange Ware 43
Compositional Patterns and
the Migration Inference 45
The Whole Vessel Study 46
Description 46
Ware and Type Definitions 48
Ware Comparisons 48
Analysis of Painted Decoration 49
The Ancestral Hopi Pottery
Tradition of Homol'ovi 58
Cups, Miniature Pitchers,
and Bird Effigy Vessels 58
Winslow Orange Ware and
White Mountain Red Ware 60
Architectural Evidence Supporting
Migration 60
4. SALADO AND ROOSEVELT RED
WARE REVISITED 62
The Salado Phenomenon and
Roosevelt Red Ware 62
Crown's "Ceramics and Ideology" 65
Roosevelt Red Ware as Ancestral
Hopi Pottery 67
Initial Production of Roosevelt
Red Ware by Immigrants 67
Continued Production of Roosevelt
Red Ware by Immigrants 70
Synthesis of Production and
Migration Evidence 74
Roosevelt Red Ware Decorative Style 75
Settlement and Ceramic Assemblage
Variability among Ancient Immigrants 76
Crown's "Immigrants as Part-Time
Specialists" Model Revisited 78
The "Meaning" of Roosevelt Red
Ware Decoration 80
5. INTEGRATING HOPI ORAL TRADITION
AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
OF ANCIENT MIGRATIONS 82
Using Oral Tradition in
Archaeological Research 82
Vansina's Oral Tradition
as History 83
Arguments Against Using Oral
Tradition in Archaeology 85
Examining Hopi Oral Tradition 86
Hopi Emergence and Migration
Accounts 87
Hopi Clans and Phratries of
Southern Origin 89
Clans and Phratries of the
North: The People of Toko'navi,
Kawestima, and Klisiw 89
Archaeology and Hopi Oral
Tradition Juxtaposed 91
Common Threads 92
Restructured Representations
of the Past 94
Archaeological Approaches to
Ancient Migrations 96
Detection 96
Motivation 96
Organization and Logistics 97
Impact 98
Beyond Ancestral Hopi Archaeology 98
University of Arizona Press, 2003 Paper: 978-0-8165-2280-4 eISBN: 978-0-8165-3594-1
Southwestern archaeologists have long speculated about the scale and impact of ancient population movements. In Ancestral Hopi Migrations, Patrick Lyons infers the movement of large numbers of people from the Kayenta and Tusayan regions of northern Arizona to every major river valley in Arizona, parts of New Mexico, and northern Mexico. Building upon earlier studies, Lyons uses chemical sourcing of ceramics and analyses of painted pottery designs to distinguish among traces of exchange, emulation, and migration. He demonstrates strong similarities among the pottery traditions of the Kayenta region, the Hopi Mesas, and the Homol'ovi villages, near Winslow, Arizona. Architectural evidence marshaled by Lyons corroborates his conclusion that the inhabitants of Homol'ovi were immigrants from the north. Placing the Homol'ovi case study in a larger context, Lyons synthesizes evidence of northern immigrants recovered from sites dating between A.D. 1250 and 1450. His data support Patricia Crown's contention that the movement of these groups is linked to the origin of the Salado polychromes and further indicate that these immigrants and their descendants were responsible for the production of Roosevelt Red Ware throughout much of the Greater Southwest. Offering an innovative juxtaposition of anthropological data bearing on Hopi migrations and oral accounts of the tribe's origin and history, Lyons highlights the many points of agreement between these two bodies of knowledge. Lyons argues that appreciating the scale of population movement that characterized the late prehistoric period is prerequisite to understanding regional phenomena such as Salado and to illuminating the connections between tribal peoples of the Southwest and their ancestors.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Patrick D. Lyons is a preservation archaeologist at the Center for Desert Archaeology in Tucson and former Emil W. Haury Fellow in the Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. STUDYING ANCIENT MIGRATIONS 1
In Defense of Culture History 1
Migration Revisited 4
Traditional Approaches: Migration
as an Event 4
Recent Advances: Migration as
Process 5
Clark's Enculturation and Co-
Residence Model 8
Tracking Ancient Migrations with
Compositional Analyses 9
The "Multidimensional Approach"
to Ceramic Variability 9
Archaeological Approaches to Style 11
A New Synthesis 12
2. ANCESTRAL HOPI MIGRATION
MARKERS 14
Hisat.sinom, Hopis, and Units
of Culture History 14
Kayenta, Tusayan, and Winslow
Branches of the Anasazi 15
Kayenta Branch 15
Tusayan Branch 16
Winslow Branch 17
Traces of Ancient Immigrants 18
Perforated Plates 18
Babe-in-Cradle Effigies and
Effigy Handles 24
Colanders 25
"Rivet-Attachment" of Ladle Handles 27
The Maverick Mountain Series 28
Kivas 30
The Kayenta Entrybox Complex 33
Other Migration Markers 34
Modeling Ancient Demography 35
The Scale of Ancestral Hopi
Migration, A.D. 1250-1450 35
Tracking Population Dynamics
on the Hopi Mesas 37
3. ANCESTRAL HOPI ARCHAEOLOGY
AT HOMOL'OVI 39
Homol'ovi: A Hopi Place 39
Winslow Orange Ware and the Origins
of the People of Homol'ovi 41
Compositional Analysis of Winslow
Orange Ware 43
Compositional Patterns and
the Migration Inference 45
The Whole Vessel Study 46
Description 46
Ware and Type Definitions 48
Ware Comparisons 48
Analysis of Painted Decoration 49
The Ancestral Hopi Pottery
Tradition of Homol'ovi 58
Cups, Miniature Pitchers,
and Bird Effigy Vessels 58
Winslow Orange Ware and
White Mountain Red Ware 60
Architectural Evidence Supporting
Migration 60
4. SALADO AND ROOSEVELT RED
WARE REVISITED 62
The Salado Phenomenon and
Roosevelt Red Ware 62
Crown's "Ceramics and Ideology" 65
Roosevelt Red Ware as Ancestral
Hopi Pottery 67
Initial Production of Roosevelt
Red Ware by Immigrants 67
Continued Production of Roosevelt
Red Ware by Immigrants 70
Synthesis of Production and
Migration Evidence 74
Roosevelt Red Ware Decorative Style 75
Settlement and Ceramic Assemblage
Variability among Ancient Immigrants 76
Crown's "Immigrants as Part-Time
Specialists" Model Revisited 78
The "Meaning" of Roosevelt Red
Ware Decoration 80
5. INTEGRATING HOPI ORAL TRADITION
AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
OF ANCIENT MIGRATIONS 82
Using Oral Tradition in
Archaeological Research 82
Vansina's Oral Tradition
as History 83
Arguments Against Using Oral
Tradition in Archaeology 85
Examining Hopi Oral Tradition 86
Hopi Emergence and Migration
Accounts 87
Hopi Clans and Phratries of
Southern Origin 89
Clans and Phratries of the
North: The People of Toko'navi,
Kawestima, and Klisiw 89
Archaeology and Hopi Oral
Tradition Juxtaposed 91
Common Threads 92
Restructured Representations
of the Past 94
Archaeological Approaches to
Ancient Migrations 96
Detection 96
Motivation 96
Organization and Logistics 97
Impact 98
Beyond Ancestral Hopi Archaeology 98