American Labor and the Cold War: Grassroots Politics and Postwar Political Culture
edited by Robert Cherny, William Issel and Kiernan Walsh Taylor contributions by Kenneth Burt, Samuel White, Vernon Pedersen, Margaret Miller, Marvin Gettleman, Michael Honey, Gigi Peterson, William Issel, Ellen Schrecker, Gerald Zahavi, Don Watson, Randi Storch and David Palmer
Rutgers University Press, 2004 Cloth: 978-0-8135-3402-2 | eISBN: 978-0-8135-7672-5 Library of Congress Classification HD6510.A45 2004 Dewey Decimal Classification 331.88097309045
ABOUT THIS BOOK | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
The American labor movement seemed poised on the threshold of unparalleled success at the beginning of the post-World War II era. Fourteen million strong in 1946, unions represented thirty five percent of non-agricultural workers. Why then did the gains made between the 1930s and the end of the war produce so few results by the 1960s?
This collection addresses the history of labor in the postwar years by exploring the impact of the global contest between the United States and the Soviet Union on American workers and labor unions. The essays focus on the actual behavior of Americans in their diverse workplaces and communities during the Cold War. Where previous scholarship on labor and the Cold War has overemphasized the importance of the Communist Party, the automobile industry, and Hollywood, this book focuses on politically moderate, conservative workers and union leaders, the medium-sized cities that housed the majority of the population, and the Roman Catholic Church. These are all original essays that draw upon extensive archival research and some upon oral history sources.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Editors' Introduction 1
1. Labor and the Cold War: The Legacy of McCarthyism 12
Ellen Schrecker
2. Uncivil War: An Oral History of Labor, Communism, and Community in
Schenectady, New York, 1944-1954 44
Gerald Zahavi
3. Mixed Melody: Anti-Communism and the United Packinghouse Workers in
California Agriculture, 1954-1961 115
Don Watson
4. The United Packinghouse Workers of America, Civil Rights, and the
Communist Party in Chicago 140
Randi Storch
5. "An Anarchist with a Program": East Coast Shipyard Workers, the Labor Left,
and the Origins of Cold War Unionism 162
David Palmer
6. The Battle for Standard Coil: The United Electrical Workers, the Community Services Organization, and the Catholic Church in Latino East Los Angeles 222
Kenneth Burt
7. Popular Anti-Communism and the UE in Evansville, Indiana 263
Samuel White
8. "A Stern Struggle": Catholic Activism and San Francisco Labor, 1934-1958 293
William Issel
9. Memories of the Red Decade: HUAC Investigations in Maryland 336
Vernon Pedersen
10. Negotiating Cold War Politics: The Washington Pension Union and the Labor
Left in the 1940s and 1950s 362
Margaret Miller
11. The Lost World of U.S. Labor Education: Curricula at East and West Coast
Communist Schools, 1944-1957 394
Marvin Gettleman
12. Operation Dixie, the Red Scare, and the Defeat of Southern Labor
Organizing 421
Michael Honey
13. "A Dangerous Demagogue": Containing the Influence of the Mexican Labor-
Left and its U.S. Allies 486
Gigi Peterson
List of Contributors
Index
Illustrations
1. United Electrical Workers pamphlet number 156, Red Baiting (1950) 27
2.1 Schenectady GE workers celebrating the IUE victory at GE (1954) 55
3.1 Field workers during the Imperial Valley lettuce strike (1961) 131
4.1 Herb March speaking at "Unite and Fight" rally (1952) 141
6.1 Tony Rios preparing to speak for the IUE at Standard Coil (1952) 237
7.1 Indiana State Police and UE strikers at the Bucyrus-Erie plant (1948) 273
8.1 The Monitor cartoon, "The May Day Celebration We Want" (1935) 301
1. Washington Pension Union delivering signatures for ballot
Initiative 172 (1948) 381
1. David Jenkins, Paul Robeson, John Howard Lawson, and Revels
Cayton at the California Labor School (probably 1948) 402
12.1 Nickey Brothers strike, Memphis Tennessee (1946) 448
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Labor unions United States Political activity History 20th century, Anti-communist movements United States History, Cold War, Political culture United States History 20th century, United States Politics and government 1945-1953, United States Politics and government 1953-1961
American Labor and the Cold War: Grassroots Politics and Postwar Political Culture
edited by Robert Cherny, William Issel and Kiernan Walsh Taylor contributions by Kenneth Burt, Samuel White, Vernon Pedersen, Margaret Miller, Marvin Gettleman, Michael Honey, Gigi Peterson, William Issel, Ellen Schrecker, Gerald Zahavi, Don Watson, Randi Storch and David Palmer
Rutgers University Press, 2004 Cloth: 978-0-8135-3402-2 eISBN: 978-0-8135-7672-5
The American labor movement seemed poised on the threshold of unparalleled success at the beginning of the post-World War II era. Fourteen million strong in 1946, unions represented thirty five percent of non-agricultural workers. Why then did the gains made between the 1930s and the end of the war produce so few results by the 1960s?
This collection addresses the history of labor in the postwar years by exploring the impact of the global contest between the United States and the Soviet Union on American workers and labor unions. The essays focus on the actual behavior of Americans in their diverse workplaces and communities during the Cold War. Where previous scholarship on labor and the Cold War has overemphasized the importance of the Communist Party, the automobile industry, and Hollywood, this book focuses on politically moderate, conservative workers and union leaders, the medium-sized cities that housed the majority of the population, and the Roman Catholic Church. These are all original essays that draw upon extensive archival research and some upon oral history sources.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Editors' Introduction 1
1. Labor and the Cold War: The Legacy of McCarthyism 12
Ellen Schrecker
2. Uncivil War: An Oral History of Labor, Communism, and Community in
Schenectady, New York, 1944-1954 44
Gerald Zahavi
3. Mixed Melody: Anti-Communism and the United Packinghouse Workers in
California Agriculture, 1954-1961 115
Don Watson
4. The United Packinghouse Workers of America, Civil Rights, and the
Communist Party in Chicago 140
Randi Storch
5. "An Anarchist with a Program": East Coast Shipyard Workers, the Labor Left,
and the Origins of Cold War Unionism 162
David Palmer
6. The Battle for Standard Coil: The United Electrical Workers, the Community Services Organization, and the Catholic Church in Latino East Los Angeles 222
Kenneth Burt
7. Popular Anti-Communism and the UE in Evansville, Indiana 263
Samuel White
8. "A Stern Struggle": Catholic Activism and San Francisco Labor, 1934-1958 293
William Issel
9. Memories of the Red Decade: HUAC Investigations in Maryland 336
Vernon Pedersen
10. Negotiating Cold War Politics: The Washington Pension Union and the Labor
Left in the 1940s and 1950s 362
Margaret Miller
11. The Lost World of U.S. Labor Education: Curricula at East and West Coast
Communist Schools, 1944-1957 394
Marvin Gettleman
12. Operation Dixie, the Red Scare, and the Defeat of Southern Labor
Organizing 421
Michael Honey
13. "A Dangerous Demagogue": Containing the Influence of the Mexican Labor-
Left and its U.S. Allies 486
Gigi Peterson
List of Contributors
Index
Illustrations
1. United Electrical Workers pamphlet number 156, Red Baiting (1950) 27
2.1 Schenectady GE workers celebrating the IUE victory at GE (1954) 55
3.1 Field workers during the Imperial Valley lettuce strike (1961) 131
4.1 Herb March speaking at "Unite and Fight" rally (1952) 141
6.1 Tony Rios preparing to speak for the IUE at Standard Coil (1952) 237
7.1 Indiana State Police and UE strikers at the Bucyrus-Erie plant (1948) 273
8.1 The Monitor cartoon, "The May Day Celebration We Want" (1935) 301
1. Washington Pension Union delivering signatures for ballot
Initiative 172 (1948) 381
1. David Jenkins, Paul Robeson, John Howard Lawson, and Revels
Cayton at the California Labor School (probably 1948) 402
12.1 Nickey Brothers strike, Memphis Tennessee (1946) 448
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Labor unions United States Political activity History 20th century, Anti-communist movements United States History, Cold War, Political culture United States History 20th century, United States Politics and government 1945-1953, United States Politics and government 1953-1961