Coastal Hazard Management: Lessons and Future Directions from New Jersey
by Norbert P. Psuty and Douglas D. Ofiara
Rutgers University Press, 2002 eISBN: 978-0-8135-6655-9 | Cloth: 978-0-8135-3150-2 Library of Congress Classification TC224.N5P78 2002 Dewey Decimal Classification 333.9170609749
ABOUT THIS BOOK | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
As with most shorelines around the world, New Jersey beaches are slowly, but inexorably, being eroded, threatening coastal structures and development. In some years more sand is deposited than removed, but all of the state’s monitoring devices show that sea level is gradually rising and pushing the New Jersey shoreline inland. The shore is a valuable resource, and its natural, cultural, and economic attractions draw a multitude of permanent and temporary residents each year, extending housing and commercial development onto areas that were once swampland. Not surprisingly, development at the water’s edge has been accompanied by an increasing exposure to the natural hazards of the coastal zone--erosion, flooding, and wind damage.
In this book, Norbert Psuty and Douglas Ofiara incorporate perspectives from the areas of coastal sciences, economics, public policy, and land-use planning in creating a systematic plan for coastal management and protection. It has been more than a decade since New Jersey developed the nation’s first state shore protection plan, and this volume provides a timely evaluation of its achievements and future challenges. This self-contained book provides all of the relevant theories, models, and examples so the reader will not need to refer to any other literature to gain an understanding of the issues and policies surrounding shore protection. It is the authoritative handbook for practitioners and policy makers in many fields, including coastal science and management and engineering, as well as public policy and economics.
REVIEWS
Psuty and Ofiara offer a useful and accessible compendium of the multiple issues associated with coastal management efforts in New Jersey. àThis easy-to-read resource has an extensive (more than 250 entries), updated reference list. Particularly useful are the final chapters, which reassess coastal management strategies of New Jersey, including options and future directions for the long-term stewardship of the region. Highly recommended.
— Choice
For anyone who wants a thorough examination of the stateÆs billion-dollar coastal management program, Psuty and Ofiara are right on the money.
— Asbury Park Press
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ix
Acknowledgments * xi
CHAPTER 1 - Dynamic Coastal Systems: Illustrations from New Jersey 1
Concerns Outlook
CHAPTER 2 - New Jersey's Shoreline: Coastal Features and Geomorphological History 9
Background Development of Information * Beaches and Coasts New Jerseys
Coastal Characteristics and Delineation * Geomorphological Regions The Reach
Concept in Management
CHAPTER 3 - Shoreline Change: Historical Displacement 79
Sediment Supply Sea-Level Rise Changes in Shoreline Position * New Erosion Data:
New Jersey Beach Profile Network Identification of High-Hazard Zones Application
to Management * Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 - Coastal Storms: Their Importance to Coastal Systems and Management 106
Post-p80o Stormy Weather Identification of Northeasters and Hurricanes Significant
Coastal Storms * Measures of Storm Severity and Intervals of Recurrence * Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 - Sea-Level Rise: Its Dimensions and Implications 133
Introduction * Pertinent Studies on Sea-Level Rise * Rate Changes in Sea-Level Rise in
New Jersey Future Storm Levels * General Options for Management The Atlantic
City Tide Gauge Revisited: Reason to Pause * Challenges for New Jersey Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 - Hard and Soft Approaches to Coastal Stabilization 157
Application to New Jersey . Structural "Hard"Approaches Nonstructural "Soft"
Approaches An Overview of Beach Nourishment in New Jersey Conclusion
CHAPTER 7 - Coastal Dunes: A Natural Butter 189
Characteristics of Coastal Dunes * Interest in Dunes and Dune Management
Dune Management Objectives Placement and Dimensions of a Dune Building and
Enhancing Coastal Dunes * Coastal Dune Restoration and Maintenance Developing
a Dune Protection and Maintenance Ordinance * Conclusion
CHAPTER 8 - Coastal Economics: Application to Coastal
Management, Shoreline Stabilization, and Tourism 217
Background Economic Principles of Shoreline-Stabilization Management:
An Introduction * Economic Measures * Economic Methods * Economic Aspects of
Beach Use, Shoreline Management, and Coastal Tourism * Summary: Beach Use and
Stabilization Values * Policy Overview
CHAPTER 9 - Hazard Management as a Component of Coastal Management 280
Hazard Management Applied to Coastal Policy � New Directions and Objectives �
Mitigation in New Jersey Consistency of State and Federal Efforts Formulating the
State Plan in Terms of the National Mitigation Strategy Future of Hazard Management
in Shoreline Management � Conclusion
CHAPTER 10 - The Reassessment of Coastal Management in New Jersey 324
Background: The New Jersey Shore Protection Master Plan * The Process of the
Reassessment * Education, Outreach, and Interpretive Programs for the Precollege
Community * Library Information Systems and Internet Home Page � Results of Public
Interactions * Conclusion
CHAPTER 11 - Coastal and Hazard Management: Trends, Options, and Future Directions 354
Public Policy the Insurance Industry and Natural Catastrophes: Recent Trends Insights
from Recent Hazard Mitigation Efforts Policy Outlook Options Addressing Hazards
in the United States Options and Future Directions * The State of New Jerseys Policy
and Management Approach
APPENDIX A - Model Municipal Dune Protection Ordinance 389
APPENDIX B - Estimated Expenditures on Travel
and Tourism in New Jersey, I987-I994 402
Notes *409
References * 411
Index * 421
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Shore protection New Jersey,
Coastal zone management New Jersey
Coastal Hazard Management: Lessons and Future Directions from New Jersey
by Norbert P. Psuty and Douglas D. Ofiara
Rutgers University Press, 2002 eISBN: 978-0-8135-6655-9 Cloth: 978-0-8135-3150-2
As with most shorelines around the world, New Jersey beaches are slowly, but inexorably, being eroded, threatening coastal structures and development. In some years more sand is deposited than removed, but all of the state’s monitoring devices show that sea level is gradually rising and pushing the New Jersey shoreline inland. The shore is a valuable resource, and its natural, cultural, and economic attractions draw a multitude of permanent and temporary residents each year, extending housing and commercial development onto areas that were once swampland. Not surprisingly, development at the water’s edge has been accompanied by an increasing exposure to the natural hazards of the coastal zone--erosion, flooding, and wind damage.
In this book, Norbert Psuty and Douglas Ofiara incorporate perspectives from the areas of coastal sciences, economics, public policy, and land-use planning in creating a systematic plan for coastal management and protection. It has been more than a decade since New Jersey developed the nation’s first state shore protection plan, and this volume provides a timely evaluation of its achievements and future challenges. This self-contained book provides all of the relevant theories, models, and examples so the reader will not need to refer to any other literature to gain an understanding of the issues and policies surrounding shore protection. It is the authoritative handbook for practitioners and policy makers in many fields, including coastal science and management and engineering, as well as public policy and economics.
REVIEWS
Psuty and Ofiara offer a useful and accessible compendium of the multiple issues associated with coastal management efforts in New Jersey. àThis easy-to-read resource has an extensive (more than 250 entries), updated reference list. Particularly useful are the final chapters, which reassess coastal management strategies of New Jersey, including options and future directions for the long-term stewardship of the region. Highly recommended.
— Choice
For anyone who wants a thorough examination of the stateÆs billion-dollar coastal management program, Psuty and Ofiara are right on the money.
— Asbury Park Press
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ix
Acknowledgments * xi
CHAPTER 1 - Dynamic Coastal Systems: Illustrations from New Jersey 1
Concerns Outlook
CHAPTER 2 - New Jersey's Shoreline: Coastal Features and Geomorphological History 9
Background Development of Information * Beaches and Coasts New Jerseys
Coastal Characteristics and Delineation * Geomorphological Regions The Reach
Concept in Management
CHAPTER 3 - Shoreline Change: Historical Displacement 79
Sediment Supply Sea-Level Rise Changes in Shoreline Position * New Erosion Data:
New Jersey Beach Profile Network Identification of High-Hazard Zones Application
to Management * Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 - Coastal Storms: Their Importance to Coastal Systems and Management 106
Post-p80o Stormy Weather Identification of Northeasters and Hurricanes Significant
Coastal Storms * Measures of Storm Severity and Intervals of Recurrence * Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 - Sea-Level Rise: Its Dimensions and Implications 133
Introduction * Pertinent Studies on Sea-Level Rise * Rate Changes in Sea-Level Rise in
New Jersey Future Storm Levels * General Options for Management The Atlantic
City Tide Gauge Revisited: Reason to Pause * Challenges for New Jersey Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 - Hard and Soft Approaches to Coastal Stabilization 157
Application to New Jersey . Structural "Hard"Approaches Nonstructural "Soft"
Approaches An Overview of Beach Nourishment in New Jersey Conclusion
CHAPTER 7 - Coastal Dunes: A Natural Butter 189
Characteristics of Coastal Dunes * Interest in Dunes and Dune Management
Dune Management Objectives Placement and Dimensions of a Dune Building and
Enhancing Coastal Dunes * Coastal Dune Restoration and Maintenance Developing
a Dune Protection and Maintenance Ordinance * Conclusion
CHAPTER 8 - Coastal Economics: Application to Coastal
Management, Shoreline Stabilization, and Tourism 217
Background Economic Principles of Shoreline-Stabilization Management:
An Introduction * Economic Measures * Economic Methods * Economic Aspects of
Beach Use, Shoreline Management, and Coastal Tourism * Summary: Beach Use and
Stabilization Values * Policy Overview
CHAPTER 9 - Hazard Management as a Component of Coastal Management 280
Hazard Management Applied to Coastal Policy � New Directions and Objectives �
Mitigation in New Jersey Consistency of State and Federal Efforts Formulating the
State Plan in Terms of the National Mitigation Strategy Future of Hazard Management
in Shoreline Management � Conclusion
CHAPTER 10 - The Reassessment of Coastal Management in New Jersey 324
Background: The New Jersey Shore Protection Master Plan * The Process of the
Reassessment * Education, Outreach, and Interpretive Programs for the Precollege
Community * Library Information Systems and Internet Home Page � Results of Public
Interactions * Conclusion
CHAPTER 11 - Coastal and Hazard Management: Trends, Options, and Future Directions 354
Public Policy the Insurance Industry and Natural Catastrophes: Recent Trends Insights
from Recent Hazard Mitigation Efforts Policy Outlook Options Addressing Hazards
in the United States Options and Future Directions * The State of New Jerseys Policy
and Management Approach
APPENDIX A - Model Municipal Dune Protection Ordinance 389
APPENDIX B - Estimated Expenditures on Travel
and Tourism in New Jersey, I987-I994 402
Notes *409
References * 411
Index * 421
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Shore protection New Jersey,
Coastal zone management New Jersey