Pluto Press, 2003 Cloth: 978-0-7453-1997-1 | Paper: 978-0-7453-1996-4 Library of Congress Classification DA927.G37 2004 Dewey Decimal Classification 305.8009417
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK Ireland’s unique position as the only state in the European Union to have been colonised, coupled with the ambivalent experiences of Irish people within the British Empire, means that issues of ‘race’ in Ireland are overlaid by complex social and historical forces.
This book is a unique analysis of the racialisation of Irish identities. The author examines key phases in the historical development of an Irish 'racial' consciousness, including 16th century colonisation and 19th century immigration to America and Great Britain. He then examines the legacy of this relationship, both in terms of the new migration into Ireland and relations with indigenous minorities -- travellers and Irish Jews.
Garner explores the problematic links between nationalist ideologies and racism. He assesses the economic, social and political factors framing the experience of minorities in contemporary Ireland, and places these in a broader European context.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Dr. Steve Garner is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology at the University of the West of England (Bristol). Before this he taught at the Universities of Paris, Le Mans and Cork. His research has covered ethnicity, racism, class and gender in the Caribbean, France, the UK and Ireland.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
RACISM IN THE IRISH EXPERIENCE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
INTRODUCTION ii
CHAPTER 1 SOCIOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR UNDERSTANDING RACISM 1
CHAPTER 2 MONEY, MIGRATIONS AND ATTITUDES 45
CHAPTER 3 RACING THE IRISH IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES 98
CHAPTER 4 THE 'FILTHY ARISTOCRACY OF SKIN': BECOMING WHITE IN THE USA 129
CHAPTER 5 IN THE BELLY OF THE BEAST: 19TH CENTURY BRITAIN, EMPIRE AND THE ROLE OF 'RACE' IN HOME RULE 159
CHAPTER 6 OTHER PEOPLE'S DIASPORAS: THE RACIALISATION OF THE REFUGEE ISSUE 194
CHAPTER 7 NEW RACISM, OLD RACISMS AND THE ROLE OF MIGRATORY EXPERIENCE 233
CHAPTER 8 'REMEMBER BLANQUI?': NATION-STATE, COMMUNITY AND SOME PARADOXES OF ANTI-RACISM 273
CHAPTER 9 BEYOND THE NEW SOCIO-ECONOMIC 'PALE': RACIALISATION AND BELONGING IN CONTEMPORARY IRELAND 307
CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSIONS 337
APPENDICES 346
APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS OF GDP, ETC. 346
APPENDIX 2 DEFINITIONS OF POVERTY 348
APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 3. SURVEYS ON ATTITUDES TOWARDS MINORITIES AND MINORITIES EXPERIENCES OF RACISM-DISCRIMINATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, 1972-2001 350
APENDIX 4 ADDRESS FROM THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND TO THEIR COUNTRYMEN AND COUNTRYWOMEN IN AMERICA, 1842 353
APPENDIX 6 TABLES ON ITALIANS' ATTITUDES TOWARD MIGRANTS 355
BIBLIOGRAPHY 356
TABLES
Table 1. Proportion employed in each NACE Economic Sector, 1994 and 2002 (%) 49
Table 2. Overall growth in terms of gross employment for each NACE Economic Sector, 1994 and 2002 (000s) 50
Table 3. Distributive impact of Irish budgets during low- and high-growth periods 57 Table 4. Proportion of profits, and wages in non-agricultural income [as Net Value Added at Factor Cost and at Market Prices], for selected years 1987-2001 62
Table 5. Immigration and Emigration into and from Ireland, Selected Years, 1987-2002 68
Table 6. Work Permits granted to non-EU nationals in Ireland, 1996-2002 70
Table 7. Work Permits granted to non-EU nationals in Ireland, by sector, 1996 and 2002 70
Table 8. Top 5 nationalities issued with work permits, 1996 and 2002 72
Table 9. Proportion of Work Permits issued, 1996 and 2002, by region 73
Table 10. Numbers of Asylum Applications Lodged in Ireland 1996-2002 76 Table 11. Top five countries of origin of asylum-seeker applications, 2001 and 2002 77
Table 12. 'Disturbing Difference' in the Star poll 83
Table 13. Top 5 groups felt to be 'disturbing', The Star poll, 2000 83 Table 14. Top 5 groups felt to be 'disturbing', Eurobarometer 1997 84
Table 15. Comparison of responses to identical questions in Eurobarometer 1997, 2000 and The Star poll, 2000 85 Table 16: Comparison of two sets of attitudes toward Travellers 87
FIGURES
Figure 1. Suggested Specific Characteristics of Irish Racism 34
Figure 2. Indicators of Potential Labour Supply, 1997-2002 (%) 48
Figure 3. The Celt Whitened
Figure 4. Twin threats to the Republic balanced in the scales
Figure 5. Free rides on the worker's back? A 19th century representation of the relationship between Irish and English labour
Figure 6. A Laconic view of 1990s Discourse on Immigration and Irish Racism
Figure 7. The Logical Conclusion of the Immigration Control Platform
Figure 8. Representations of Irish Society by the State 286
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Racism Ireland, Ireland Race relations
Ireland’s unique position as the only state in the European Union to have been colonised, coupled with the ambivalent experiences of Irish people within the British Empire, means that issues of ‘race’ in Ireland are overlaid by complex social and historical forces.
This book is a unique analysis of the racialisation of Irish identities. The author examines key phases in the historical development of an Irish 'racial' consciousness, including 16th century colonisation and 19th century immigration to America and Great Britain. He then examines the legacy of this relationship, both in terms of the new migration into Ireland and relations with indigenous minorities -- travellers and Irish Jews.
Garner explores the problematic links between nationalist ideologies and racism. He assesses the economic, social and political factors framing the experience of minorities in contemporary Ireland, and places these in a broader European context.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Dr. Steve Garner is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology at the University of the West of England (Bristol). Before this he taught at the Universities of Paris, Le Mans and Cork. His research has covered ethnicity, racism, class and gender in the Caribbean, France, the UK and Ireland.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
RACISM IN THE IRISH EXPERIENCE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
INTRODUCTION ii
CHAPTER 1 SOCIOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR UNDERSTANDING RACISM 1
CHAPTER 2 MONEY, MIGRATIONS AND ATTITUDES 45
CHAPTER 3 RACING THE IRISH IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES 98
CHAPTER 4 THE 'FILTHY ARISTOCRACY OF SKIN': BECOMING WHITE IN THE USA 129
CHAPTER 5 IN THE BELLY OF THE BEAST: 19TH CENTURY BRITAIN, EMPIRE AND THE ROLE OF 'RACE' IN HOME RULE 159
CHAPTER 6 OTHER PEOPLE'S DIASPORAS: THE RACIALISATION OF THE REFUGEE ISSUE 194
CHAPTER 7 NEW RACISM, OLD RACISMS AND THE ROLE OF MIGRATORY EXPERIENCE 233
CHAPTER 8 'REMEMBER BLANQUI?': NATION-STATE, COMMUNITY AND SOME PARADOXES OF ANTI-RACISM 273
CHAPTER 9 BEYOND THE NEW SOCIO-ECONOMIC 'PALE': RACIALISATION AND BELONGING IN CONTEMPORARY IRELAND 307
CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSIONS 337
APPENDICES 346
APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS OF GDP, ETC. 346
APPENDIX 2 DEFINITIONS OF POVERTY 348
APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 3. SURVEYS ON ATTITUDES TOWARDS MINORITIES AND MINORITIES EXPERIENCES OF RACISM-DISCRIMINATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, 1972-2001 350
APENDIX 4 ADDRESS FROM THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND TO THEIR COUNTRYMEN AND COUNTRYWOMEN IN AMERICA, 1842 353
APPENDIX 6 TABLES ON ITALIANS' ATTITUDES TOWARD MIGRANTS 355
BIBLIOGRAPHY 356
TABLES
Table 1. Proportion employed in each NACE Economic Sector, 1994 and 2002 (%) 49
Table 2. Overall growth in terms of gross employment for each NACE Economic Sector, 1994 and 2002 (000s) 50
Table 3. Distributive impact of Irish budgets during low- and high-growth periods 57 Table 4. Proportion of profits, and wages in non-agricultural income [as Net Value Added at Factor Cost and at Market Prices], for selected years 1987-2001 62
Table 5. Immigration and Emigration into and from Ireland, Selected Years, 1987-2002 68
Table 6. Work Permits granted to non-EU nationals in Ireland, 1996-2002 70
Table 7. Work Permits granted to non-EU nationals in Ireland, by sector, 1996 and 2002 70
Table 8. Top 5 nationalities issued with work permits, 1996 and 2002 72
Table 9. Proportion of Work Permits issued, 1996 and 2002, by region 73
Table 10. Numbers of Asylum Applications Lodged in Ireland 1996-2002 76 Table 11. Top five countries of origin of asylum-seeker applications, 2001 and 2002 77
Table 12. 'Disturbing Difference' in the Star poll 83
Table 13. Top 5 groups felt to be 'disturbing', The Star poll, 2000 83 Table 14. Top 5 groups felt to be 'disturbing', Eurobarometer 1997 84
Table 15. Comparison of responses to identical questions in Eurobarometer 1997, 2000 and The Star poll, 2000 85 Table 16: Comparison of two sets of attitudes toward Travellers 87
FIGURES
Figure 1. Suggested Specific Characteristics of Irish Racism 34
Figure 2. Indicators of Potential Labour Supply, 1997-2002 (%) 48
Figure 3. The Celt Whitened
Figure 4. Twin threats to the Republic balanced in the scales
Figure 5. Free rides on the worker's back? A 19th century representation of the relationship between Irish and English labour
Figure 6. A Laconic view of 1990s Discourse on Immigration and Irish Racism
Figure 7. The Logical Conclusion of the Immigration Control Platform
Figure 8. Representations of Irish Society by the State 286
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Racism Ireland, Ireland Race relations