|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism
Harvard University Press, 1990 Cloth: 978-0-674-78994-4 | Paper: 978-0-674-78995-1 | eISBN: 978-0-674-02938-5 Library of Congress Classification HD2356.U5C44 1994 Dewey Decimal Classification 338.64409
ABOUT THIS BOOK | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Scale and Scope is Alfred Chandler’s first major work since his Pulitzer Prize–winning The Visible Hand. Representing ten years of research into the history of the managerial business system, this book concentrates on patterns of growth and competitiveness in the United States, Germany, and Great Britain, tracing the evolution of large firms into multinational giants and orienting the late twentieth century’s most important developments. See other books on: Chandler Jr., Alfred D. | Dynamics | Germany (West) | Industrial Management | Scale See other titles from Harvard University Press |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Nearby on shelf for Industries. Land use. Labor / Large industry. Factory system. Big business:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism
ABOUT THIS BOOK | REVIEWS | TOC
by Alfred D. Chandler Jr.
Harvard University Press, 1990
Cloth: 978-0-674-78994-4
Paper: 978-0-674-78995-1
eISBN: 978-0-674-02938-5
Cloth: 978-0-674-78994-4
Paper: 978-0-674-78995-1
eISBN: 978-0-674-02938-5
Scale and Scope is Alfred Chandler’s first major work since his Pulitzer Prize–winning The Visible Hand. Representing ten years of research into the history of the managerial business system, this book concentrates on patterns of growth and competitiveness in the United States, Germany, and Great Britain, tracing the evolution of large firms into multinational giants and orienting the late twentieth century’s most important developments.
This edition includes the entire hardcover edition with the exception of the Appendix Tables.
REVIEWS
Serious students of the worldwide industrialization that occurred in the century between the 1870s and the 1970s are indebted to Mr. Chandler…for a lifetime of determined effort to find order and predictable processes in industrial history… Chandler started out years ago to make sense out of the transformation of capitalist enterprise caused by the growth of giant industrial companies… He has succeeded with a power and authority that will not soon be matched.
-- Jonathan Hughes New York Times Book Review
-- Jonathan Hughes New York Times Book Review
The book is important. It traces the evolution of the economic environment in which we breathe, and which we need to interpret without the blinders of doctrine or dogma… It is an exhaustive, nation-by-nation, industry-by-industry, company-by-company survey… Chandler is what social science is all about.
-- Bernard A. Weisberger Washington Post Book World
-- Bernard A. Weisberger Washington Post Book World
In the history of business, B.C. stands for Before Chandler. Over the past several decades, Alfred D. Chandler Jr. of Harvard Business School has brought unprecedented rigor and sophistication to the study of the corporation. In so doing, he has profoundly shaped our understanding of that institution’s role in modern capitalism… [Chandler’s] latest work, Scale and Scope…is his most ambitious yet. Chandler compares and contrasts the growth of the 200 largest companies in each of three industrial powerhouses—the U.S., Britain, and Germany—from the 1880s through the 1940s, searching for the common characteristics of successful corporations… The book speaks to all the major debates swirling around Corporate America—including those over shareholder value, mergers and acquisitions, and global competitiveness.
-- Christopher Farrell Business Week
-- Christopher Farrell Business Week
A major monument to our increasingly successful quest to understand and interpret the modern industrial world.
-- Sidney Pollard Times Higher Education Supplement
-- Sidney Pollard Times Higher Education Supplement
Chandler has written an admirable book, analytically tight, and full of fascinating detail. The more he explains, the more, perhaps, there is left to explain. But all future work on the process of successful industrial development must necessarily have reference to his outstanding research and writing.
-- Aubrey Silberston Times Literary Supplement
-- Aubrey Silberston Times Literary Supplement
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Contents
- PART I
- Introduction: Scale and Scope
- 1
- The Modern Industrial Enterprise
- 2
- Scale, Scope, and Organizational Capabilities
- The New Institution
- Historical Attributes
- Economies of Scale and Scope in Production
- Economies of Scale and Scope in Distribution
- Building the Integrative Hierarchy
- First-Mover Advantages and Oligopolistic Competition
- Continuing Growth of the Modern Enterprise
- Horizontal and Vertical Combination
- Geographical Expansion and Product Diversification
- The Modem Enterprise in Labor-Intensive Industries
- PART II
- The United States: Competitive Managerial Capitalism
- 3
- The Foundations of Managerial Capitalism in American Industry
- The Domestic Market
- The Impact of the Railroads and Telegraph
- The Revolution in Distribution
- The Revolution in Production
- Branded, Packaged Products
- Mass-produced Light Machinery
- Electrical Equipment
- Industrial Chemicals
- Metals
- Merger, Acquisition, and Rationalization
- Political and Legal Responses
- The Response of Financial Institutions
- The Response of Educational Institutions
- The Coming of Competitive Managerial Capitalism
- 4
- Creating Organizational Capabilities: Vertical Integration and Oligopolistic Competition
- Oil: From Monopoly to Oligopoly
- Creating the Monopoly
- Changing Markets and Sources of Supply
- Vertical Integration and Oligopolistic Competition
- Rubber: A Stable Oligopoly
- Industrial Materials: Evolutionary and Revolutionary Technological Change
- Paper
- Stone, Clay, Glass, and Cement
- Fabricated Metals
- Primary Metals: Technology and Industrial Concentration
- Aluminum
- Copper and Other Nonferrous Metals
- Steel
- Major Trends
- 5
- Expanding Organizational Capabilities: Investment Abroad and Product Diversification in Food and Chemicals
- Branded, Packaged Products: Foods, Consumer Chemicals, Tobacco
- General Characteristics
- Selecting the Players, 1880 to World War I
- Continuing Investment in Marketing and Distribution
- Expansion through Direct Investment Abroad
- Continuing Growth through Diversification
- Diversification through Merger
- Perishable Products
- Scope-Related Growth
- Industrial Chemicals
- General Characteristics
- The Players Selected
- Continuing Growth through Diversification
- Diversification through Merger
- The Du Pont Example
- Diversification, Organizational Complexity, and Managerial Control
- 6
- Expanding Organizational Capabilities: Investment Abroad and Product Diversification in Machinery
- General Characteristics
- Nonelectrical Machinery
- The Players Selected
- Continuing Growth through Expansion Abroad
- Growth through Diversification
- Transportation Equipment
- The Players Selected
- Expansion Abroad
- Growth through Diversification
- Electrical and Electronic Equipment
- The Players Selected
- Expansion Abroad
- Growth through Diversification
- Organizational Complexities and Managerial Control
- The Dynamics of Modern Industrial Enterprise: The American Experience
- PART III
- Great Britain: Personal Capitalism
- 7
- The Continuing Commitment to Personal Capitalism in British Industry
- Underlying Differences
- Prototypes of British Industrial Enterprise: Cadbury Brothers and Imperial Tobacco
- Domestic and Foreign Markets
- The Impact of the Railroads
- The Revolution in Distribution
- The Revolution in Production
- Entrepreneurial Success: Branded, Packaged Products
- Entrepreneurial Success: Rubber, Glass, Explosives, Alkalies, and Fibers
- Entrepreneurial Failure: Machinery, Electrical Equipment, Organic Chemicals, Electrochemicals, and Metals
- Accounting for Entrepreneurial Failure
- Growth through Merger and Acquisition, British Style
- Continuing Dominance of Personal Management
- 8
- Creating Organizational Capabilities: Success and Failure in the Stable Industries
- The Impact of World War I
- The Modern Industrial Enterprise during the Interwar Years
- Oil: The Creation of Organizational Capabilities
- Rubber: The Enhancement of Organizational Capabilities
- Industrial Materials: Organizational Capabilities Constrained by the Ways of Personal Management
- Rayon
- Stone, Clay, and Glass
- Paper
- Metal Fabricating
- Metal Making
- Textiles
- Costs of the Failure to Develop Organizational Capabilities
- 9
- Creating Organizational Capabilities: Success and Failure in the Dynamic Industries
- Machinery
- Nonelectrical Machinery: Continuing Foreign Dominance
- Transportation Equipment
- Electrical Equipment: Catching Up
- Industrial Chemicals
- The Personally Managed Firms
- Imperial Chemical Industries: Organizational Achievement
- Branded, Packaged Products
- The Bastion of the Family Firm
- Expansion Overseas and Product Diversification
- Perishable Products
- Unilever: From Personal to Collective Management
- Implications of the British Experience
- PART IV
- Germany: Cooperative Managerial Capitalism
- 10
- The Foundations of Managerial Capitalism in German Industry
- Similarities and Differences
- Two German Industrial Enterprises: Gebrüder Stollwerck and Accumulatoren-Fabrik AG
- Domestic and Foreign Markets
- The Impact of the Railroads
- The Railroads and the New Financial Institutions
- Changes in Distribution
- The Legal and Educational Environment
- The Coming of Cooperative Managerial Capitalism
- 11
- Creating Organizational Capabilities: The Lesser Industries
- The Second Industrial Revolution
- Branded, Packaged Products: Limited Entrepreneurial Response
- Other Lesser Industries: Effective Entrepreneurial Response
- Oil: Late Challengers
- First Movers, European Style: Rubber, Rayon, Alkalies, and Explosives
- First Movers, American Style: Light, Mass-produced Machinery
- The German Entrepreneurial Response in the Lesser Industries
- Textiles: A Labor-Intensive Industry
- 12
- Creating Organizational Capabilities: The Great Industries
- Nonelectrical Machinery: Exploiting Economies of Scope
- Electrical Machinery: Exploiting Economies of Scale and Scope
- Siemens and AEG: Creating Industrial Giants
- Merger and Rationalization
- Chemicals: Exploiting Economies of Scope
- The Dye Makers: Creating Capabilities
- The Dye Makers: Interfirm Cooperation
- Other World Leaders in Pharmaceuticals, Agricultural Chemicals, and Electrochemicals
- Metals: Exploiting Economies of Scale
- First Movers in Nonferrous Metals
- Steel: Europe's Leaders
- Organizational Capabilities and Industrial Power
- 13
- War and Crises: Recovery in the Lesser Industries
- War and Postwar Crises
- Impact on Interfirm Relationships
- The Growth of I.G.'s and Konzerne
- The Changing Role of Banks
- Recovery in the Lesser Industries after Stabilization
- Branded, Packaged Products and Textiles: Weak Recovery
- Oil: Dismemberment
- Rubber, Rayon, Alkalies, Explosives and Light Machinery: Strong Recovery
- Transportation Equipment: A New Start
- Recovery as a Function of Organizational Capabilities
- 14
- Recovery in the Great Industries
- Nonelectrical Industrial Machinery: Revival and Rationalization
- Electrical Machinery
- Rapid Recovery and Continued Modernization
- The Evolving Structure of the Leaders
- Metals
- Steel: Merger, Rationalization, and Restructuring
- Nonferrous Metals: The Return of Metallgesellschaft
- Chemicals
- The Formation of I. G. Farben
- Rationalization at I. G. Farben
- I.G. Farben's Changing Structure: Failure to Achieve Overall Control
- The Independents
- The German Experience: The Evolution of Cooperative Managerial Capitalism
- Conclusion: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism
- Organizational Capabilities as the Core Dynamic
- First Movers and Challengers
- Challengers from Abroad and from Other Industries
- Post–World War II Developments
- The Transformation of the Global Economy
- Continuing Role of the Modern Industrial Enterprise
- Continuing Growth
- A New Era of Managerial Capitalism?
- Notes
- Credits
- Index
ABOUT THIS BOOK | REVIEWS | TOC
