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The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours
by Gregory Nagy
Harvard University Press, 2019 Paper: 978-0-674-24168-8 | eISBN: 978-0-674-24418-4 Library of Congress Classification PA3015.H43N338 2019 Dewey Decimal Classification 880.9352
ABOUT THIS BOOK | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
What does it mean to be a hero? The ancient Greeks who gave us Achilles and Odysseus had a very different understanding of the term than we do today. Based on the legendary Harvard course that Gregory Nagy has taught for well over thirty years, The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours explores the roots of Western civilization and offers a masterclass in classical Greek literature. We meet the epic heroes of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, but Nagy also considers the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the songs of Sappho and Pindar, and the dialogues of Plato. Herodotus once said that to read Homer was to be a civilized person. To discover Nagy’s Homer is to be twice civilized. REVIEWS
Nagy’s zest for Homeric texts is boundless.
-- Nathan Heller New Yorker [Nagy’s] analysis is fascinating, often ingenious… This book is a valuable synthesis of research finessed over thirty years… Complemented by a free online sourcebook, edited by Nagy, containing translations of all the ancient texts discussed, like an ancient hero it will provide a lasting legacy beyond the hora of its publication.
-- Francesca Wade Times Literary Supplement [Nagy] has managed to become an éminence grise without ever quite ceasing to be an enfant terrible… Nagy is a passionate close reader… Like the Iliad, Nagy’s book is an ambitious work in twenty-four installments, developed over a long period of oral performance, alluding to and reworking earlier versions (themselves fluid), before finally taking on a more lasting form.
-- Gregory Hays New York Review of Books The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours is Gregory Nagy’s MOOC book. The massive open online course is one of the most significant developments in higher education in years and Nagy is one of the foremost Homerists of his generation, so the book deserves attention both as an academic publication and as a pedagogical experiment. Scholars already familiar with Nagy’s work will not find radically new insights here. What they will appreciate is a systematic and exceptionally lucid statement of the research he has carried out over the past four decades… One of the greatest achievements of Nagy’s research is that it powerfully illuminates the relationship between myth and cult.
-- Barbara Graziosi Times Higher Education There’s a vital subject at the heart of the book—more vital perhaps now than ever, since the concept of the ‘hero’ has been so overused and distorted in the 21st century that it scarcely has any meaning anymore, applying equally to Armed Services employees working in an accounting office in Qatar and elementary school teachers doing what they’d be fired if they didn’t do. Nagy exuberantly reminds his readers that heroes—mortal strivers against fate, against monsters, and, as we’ll see, against death itself—form the heart of Greek literature, the vital counterweight to the gaudy gods and goddesses who so often steal the limelight. He surveys the incredible feast of Greek literature from Homer and Hesiod to the tragedians (his extended analysis of Euripides’ Hippolytus, for instance, is a wondrous highlight of the book’s final marches) and overlays on top of that feast a neat but thin conceit of ‘hours’ characterized by certain ancient Greek concepts like Kleos, Memnemai, Akhos, Penthos, and Aphthito. The comprehensiveness of his coverage allows him to bring in every variation on the Greek hero, from the wily Theseus to the brawny Hercules to the ‘monolithic’ Achilles to the valiantly conflicted Oedipus, and that same sweep puts him in a perfect position to spot the linking factors and expound on them.
-- Steve Donoghue Open Letters Monthly Backed by formidable learning and a vast ecumenical sweep embellished with details—yet written in a winningly readable informal style—The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours offers to us penetrating considerations of the ways in which Greek classics continue to make themselves felt in our lives even today.
-- M. S. Nagarajan The Hindu This volume is a summation of the insights of a scholar who has devoted his life to these materials, and who has a deep, learned, and personal vision of the ancient Greek psyche, its values, and its manifestations in song and prose. The result is a stimulating tour of ancient Greek literature.
-- P. Nieto Choice By force of its prestige, the Iliad sets the standard for the definition of the word epic: an expansive poem of enormous scope, composed in an old-fashioned and superbly elevated style of language, concerning the wondrous deeds of heroes. That these deeds were meant to arouse a sense of wonder or marvel is difficult for the modern mind to comprehend, especially in a time when even such words as wonderful or marvelous have lost much of their evocative power. Nor is it any easier to grasp the ancient Greek concept of hero (the English word is descended from the Greek), going beyond the word's ordinary levels of meaning in casual contemporary usage. -- From the book TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgments
A Brief Note about the New Edition
Introduction
Part One: Heroes in Epic and Lyric Poetry
Introduction to Homeric Poetry
The Meaning of Kleos
The Kleos of Achilles as Epic ‘Glory'
A Much Shorter Version of Epic ‘Glory'
The Meaning of Hōrā
The Need for Heroes to “Script” Their Own Death
Herakles as a Model Hero
The Labors of Hērakles
Herakles and the Meaning of Kleos
Herakles and the Idea of the Hero
Achilles and the Idea of the Hero
Achilles and the Meaning of Kleos
Phoenix and His Total Recall
The Idea of Kleos as a Medium of Total Recall
The Idea of Kleos as Epic Narrative
An Epic Tale Told by Phoenix
The Form of Epic Poetry
To Sing the Klea Andrōn, ‘Glories of Men'
The Concept of a Speech Act
Back to the Epic Tale Told by Phoenix
The Emotions of Fear and Pity
The Story of Meleagros and Kleopatra
Plato’s Reading of the Iliad
The Epic Choice of Achilles
A Man of Constant Sorrow
Achilles and Penthesileia the Amazon
The Essentials of Singing Laments
A Conventional Gesture in Women’s Laments
A Typological Comparison of Laments
The First Lament of Andromache
What Achilles Sang
The Song of Kleopatra
The Meaning of Aphthito-
The Imperishable Glory of Achilles in a Song of Pindar
The Lyric Glory of Achilles
The Imperishable Glory of Hector and Andromache in a Song of Sappho
Achilles as a Focus of Lament
The Unfailing Glory of Achilles
Contrasting the Artificial and the Natural
The Unwilting Glory of Achilles
Models of Lament
The Expression ‘Equal to a Daimōn'
Apollo as Divine Antagonist of Achilles
Ares as Divine Antagonist of Achilles
The Historical Background of Sappho’s Songs
Transition to Sappho’s Songs
Song 31 of Sappho
Song 1 of Sappho
The Ritual Background of Song 1 of Sappho
The Maiden Song of Alcman
A Typological Comparison of Initiation Rituals&
Song 16 of Sappho
Back to Song 16 of Sappho
Back to Song 31 of Sappho
Epiphany and Death
Ares as a Model for Achilles
Achilles the Eternal Bridegroom
Briseis as a Stand-In for Aphrodite
The Merging of Identity in Myth and Ritual
Distinctions between Real Death and Figurative Death in Lyric
Apollo as Model for Achilles
Fatal Attraction
The Meaning of Therapōn
Patroklos as Therapōn
Anatolian Origins of the Word Therapōn
Early Greek Uses of the Words Therapōn, Theraps, Therapeuein
The Therapōn as Charioteer
The Therapōn as a Ritual Substitute
Arēs as Divine Antagonist of Patroklos and Achilles
The Therapeutic Function of the Therapon
Patroklos as the Other Self of Achilles
Simone Weil on Sacrificial Substitution
The Sign of the Hero at a Chariot Race
The Sign in the Visual Arts
Selected Examples of Signs in the Visual Arts
Rethinking Hour 7: a. Myth and Ritual in Pictures of Chariot Scenes Involving Achilles
Rethinking Hour 7: b. Apobatic Chariot Racing
The Meaning of Psūkhē
The Psūkhē of Patroklos in the Iliad
Achilles and Patroklos as Joint Cult Heroes
The Prefiguring of Achilles by Patroklos
Heroic Immortalization and the Psūkhē
The Psūkhē as Both Messenger and Message
Back to the Glory of the Ancestors
Back to the Meaning of Patroklos
The Meaning of Nostos
The Roles of Odysseus
The Complementarity of the Iliad and the Odyssey
The Heroic Mentality of Achieving Nostos
A Nostos in the Making
Echoes of Lament in a Song about Homecoming
The Meaning of Noos
The Interaction of Noos and Nostos
The Hero’s Return to His Former Social Status
The Hero’s Return from the Cave
The Return to Light and Life
The Journey of a Soul
The Meaning of Olbios
Signs of Hero Cult
Different Meanings of the Word Olbios for the Initiated and for the Uninitiated
How a Homeric Hero Can Become Truly Olbios
The Death of Odysseus
A Mystical Vision of the Tomb of Odysseus
Two Meanings of a Sēma
An Antagonism between Athena and Odysseus
Conclusion: The Seafarer Is Dead and the Harvest Is Complete
An Occurrence of Dikē as ‘Justice’ in the Odyssey
The Golden Generation of Humankind
Hesiod as an Exponent of Justice
Metaphors for Dikē and Hubris
The Silver Generation of Humankind
Two Further Generations of Humankind
Hesiod in the Iron Age
Back to Hesiod as an Exponent of Dikē
A Reconnection of Generations in an Orchard
Part Two: Heroes in Prose Media
A Story about the Meaning of Olbios in the Histories of Herodotus
Another Story about the Meaning of Olbios in the Histories of Herodotus
Variations in Discriminating between the Real and the Unreal
Variations in Discriminating between Justice and Injustice&
Heroes as Exponents of Justice in Poetry after Homer and Hesiod
Testimony from the Hērōikos of Philostratus
Longing for Protesilaos in the Homeric Iliad
The Sacred Eroticism of Heroic Beauty
The Beauty of Seasonality in a Modern Greek Poem
The Beauty of the Hero in Death
A Beautiful Setting for the Beautiful Cult Hero
Paroxysms of Sentimentality in Worshipping Cult Heroes&
Back to the Tumulus of Achilles
Longing for Achilles: You’re Going to Miss Me
Longing for Patroklos: I’ll Miss Him Forever
What Protesilaos ‘Means'
The Mystery of a Cult Hero
What Herodotus ‘Means'
More on the Mystery of a Cult Hero
Back to the ‘Meaning’ of Protesilaos
Initiation into the Mysteries of a Cult Hero
The Descent of an Initiand into the Nether World of a Cult Hero
A Brief Commentary on the Text about the Descent
The Oracular Consultation of Heroes
An Initiation for the Reader
The Personal Intimacy of Experiencing a Heroic Epiphany
Ritual Correctness in Making Mental Contact with the Cult Hero
How the Cult Hero Communicates
More on the Oracular Consultation of Heroes
Coming Back Once Again to What the Hero ‘Means'
The Cult Hero as a Medium
Part Three: Heroes as Reflected in Tragedy
Introduction to Tragedy
The Oresteia Trilogy of Aeschylus in the Larger Context of His Other Tragedies
The Ate of Agamemnon in Epic and Tragedy
An Ainos about a Lion Cub
Predators as Agents of Dikē
Predators as Agents of Deeds Contrary to Dikē
A Sequence of Symbols
The Symbolic Wording of the Watchman
Three Further Examples of Symbolic Wording
The Agenda of Athena
Pouring Libations for Cult Heroes or for Ancestors&
What Stands in the Way of a Ritually Correct Libation by Electra
Transcending the Spirit of Vendetta
A New World Order for Athens
The Meaning of Kolōnos
More on the Meaning of Colonus
How to Imagine Colonus
Colonus, Land of Running Horses
Further Perspectives on the Meanings Connected to the Word Kolonos and to the Name Kolonos
Oedipus as Cult Hero at Colonus
The Mysterious Death of Oedipus
Scenarios for Dying and Then Coming Back to Life
The Mystification of the Hero’s Tomb in the Oedipus at Colonus
Personalizing the Death of Oedipus
The Meaning of Miasma
The Pollution of Tyrants
A Look inside the Psūkhē of Oedipus
The Pollution Caused by Oedipus
Oedipus as Savior
A Second Look inside the Psūkhē of Oedipus
Purifying the Pollution in Tragedy
The Reaction of Oedipus to His Own Pollution in the Oedipus Tyrannus
Two Contexts of Telos for Hippolytus
Hippolytus as a Cult Hero in Athens
Hippolytus as a Cult Hero in Troizen
Comparing the Troizenian and the Athenian Versions of the Hippolytus Tradition
Two Conventional Patterns of Thinking about Hippolytus as a Cult Hero in Troizen
Hippolytus in Epidaurus
Euripides Recapitulates a Troizenian Ritual
Love Song and Song of Laments
The Complementarity of Artemis and Aphrodite
From Native Troizenian Ritual to the Drama of Athenian State Theater
Empathy for Female and Male Experiences
The Death of Phaedra
Epilogue: The Death of Phaethon
The Meaning of Agōn
The Agon of Pentheus
The Meaning of Pathos
Staging the Dismemberment of Pentheus
The Subjectivity of Dionysus
Staging the Bacchants
Staging Pentheus
A Divine Prototype for the Passion of Pentheus&
Tracking Down the Origins of Tragedy
Hope for a Reassembly of the Body after Its Dismemberment
Part Four: Heroes as Reflected in Two Dialogues of Plato
The Subversive Threat of ‘the Superhuman Signal'
What Happens to Socrates after Death
A Heroic Timing for the Death of Socrates
Socrates and Achilles
An Odyssean Way for the Journey of Socrates
The Swan Song of Socrates
The Meaning of Thēoriā
The Symbolism of Thēoriā in Plato’s Phaedo
The Garlanding of the Theoric Ship
Revisiting Another Thēoriā
Theorizing about Thēoriā
Socrates, Master of Poetry as Well as Dialogue&
A New Way to Imagine Immortalization after Death
Part Five: Heroes Transcended
The Meaning of Sōzein and Sōtēr
Theseus as a Savior for the Athenians
A Metaphorical Use of the Word Sōzein by Plato’s Socrates
A Metaphorical Use of the Word Sophron in an Archaic Hymn
Achilles as Saved Hero and as Savior Hero
Achilles, Hero of the Hellespont
Three More Glimpses of Heroic Salvation
The Living Word of Plato’s Socrates
Abbreviations
References
Core Vocabulary of Key Greek Words
Index
See other books on: 24 Hours | Ancient Greek Hero | Greek literature | Heroes in literature | Nagy, Gregory See other titles from Harvard University Press |
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9780674019584
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The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours
Harvard University Press, 2019 Paper: 978-0-674-24168-8 | eISBN: 978-0-674-24418-4 Library of Congress Classification PA3015.H43N338 2019 Dewey Decimal Classification 880.9352
ABOUT THIS BOOK | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
What does it mean to be a hero? The ancient Greeks who gave us Achilles and Odysseus had a very different understanding of the term than we do today. Based on the legendary Harvard course that Gregory Nagy has taught for well over thirty years, The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours explores the roots of Western civilization and offers a masterclass in classical Greek literature. We meet the epic heroes of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, but Nagy also considers the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the songs of Sappho and Pindar, and the dialogues of Plato. Herodotus once said that to read Homer was to be a civilized person. To discover Nagy’s Homer is to be twice civilized. See other books on: 24 Hours | Ancient Greek Hero | Greek literature | Heroes in literature | Nagy, Gregory See other titles from Harvard University Press |
Nearby on shelf for Classical literature:
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