ABOUT THIS BOOKThe past becomes readable when we can tell stories and make arguments about it. When we can tell more than one story or make divergent arguments, the readability of the past then becomes an issue. Therein lies the beginning of history, the sense of inquiry that heightens our awareness of interpretation. How do interpretive structures develop and disintegrate? What are the possibilities and limits of historical knowledge?
This book explores these issues through a study of the Zuozhuan, a foundational text in the Chinese tradition, whose rhetorical and analytical self-consciousness reveals much about the contending ways of thought unfolding during the period of the text's formation (ca. 4th c. B.C.E.). But in what sense is this vast collection of narratives and speeches covering the period from 722 to 468 B.C.E. "historical"? If one can speak of an emergent sense of history in this text, Wai-yee Li argues, it lies precisely at the intersection of varying conceptions of interpretation and rhetoric brought to bear on the past, within a larger context of competing solutions to the instability and disintegration represented through the events of the 255 years covered by the Zuozhuan. Even as its accounts of proliferating disorder and disintegration challenge the boundaries of readability, the deliberations on the rules of reading in the Zuozhuan probe the dimensions of historical self-consciousness.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Abbreviations and Conventions xi
Introduction? 1
Rhetoric and Power?4
Keywords?14
Mapping Divergences?24
1?Competing Lessons? 29
Heterogeneity and Sedimentation in the
Zuozhuan?33
The Example of Lord Zhuang of Zheng?59
2?Signs and Causality? 85
Signs and Chronology?86
Small Beginnings?92
Exemplarity?105
Music?118
Women?147
Narratives of Interpretation?160
3?The Reading of Signs? 172
Traces?173
Gestures?178
Numinous Signs?190
Inconstant Spirits and Equivocal
Signs?202
Divination?209
Dreams of Interpretation?233
4?The Manipulation of Signs? 249
Discourse of Hegemony?254
The Counternarrative of Hegemony?295
5?The Anxiety of Interpretation? 321
Visions of Decline?343
Uses of the Past?371
Rules of Reading?397
Afterthoughts?The Capture of the Lin
and the Birth of Historiography? 411
Reference Matter
Works Cited? 425
Index ?
437