The Myth of the French Bourgeoisie: An Essay on the Social Imaginary, 1750-1850
by Sarah Maza
Harvard University Press, 2003 Paper: 978-0-674-01769-6 | eISBN: 978-0-674-04072-4 | Cloth: 978-0-674-01046-8 Library of Congress Classification HT690.F8M39 2003 Dewey Decimal Classification 305.550944
ABOUT THIS BOOK | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Who, exactly, were the French bourgeoisie? Unlike the Anglo-Americans, who widely embraced middle-class ideals and values, the French--even the most affluent and conservative--have always rejected and maligned bourgeois values and identity.
In this new approach to the old question of the bourgeoisie, Sarah Maza focuses on the crucial period before, during, and after the French Revolution, and offers a provocative answer: the French bourgeoisie has never existed. Despite the large numbers of respectable middling town-dwellers, no group identified themselves as bourgeois. Drawing on political and economic theory and history, personal and polemical writings, and works of fiction, Maza argues that the bourgeoisie was never the social norm. In fact, it functioned as a critical counter-norm, an imagined and threatening embodiment of materialism, self-interest, commercialism, and mass culture, which defined all that the French rejected.
A challenge to conventional wisdom about modern French history, this book poses broader questions about the role of anti-bourgeois sentiment in French culture, by suggesting parallels between the figures of the bourgeois, the Jew, and the American in the French social imaginary. It is a brilliant and timely foray into our beliefs and fantasies about the social world and our definition of a social class.
REVIEWS
This is a bold work on a big topic, based on wide erudition and deep reflection. Maza's consistent focus on what she calls "the social imaginary" enables her to stride with admirable briskness through the tangled landscape of this much studied and highly controversial era of French history. While not everyone will be convinced by Maza's claim that the French bourgeoisie did not exist, this book will transform the way we think about the problem.
-- William H. Sewell, Jr., University of Chicago
Maza presents an insightful essay dissecting the concept of the French bourgeoisie.
-- Alicia Austin France Today
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 The Social Imaginary in Prerevolutionary France
God-Given Order
Bourgeois Gentlemen
Rethinking Nobility
The Good Earth
2 Commerce, Luxury, and Family Love
Wealth, Circulation, and the New World of Objects
Luxury and "Les Moeurs"
Love, Tears, and Social Fusion
3 Revolutionary Brotherhood and the War
against Aristocracy
What Was the Third Estate?
Popular Violence and Propertied Citizens
Brothers in Arms
Defining the Enemy
4 The Social World after Thermidor
A Social Revolution?
In the Wake of the Terror
Historical Change and the New Aristocracy
Honor and the State
5 The Political Birth of the Bourgeoisie,
1815-1830
Industry without Bourgeoisie
The Politics of the Present
The Politics of the Past
Politics and Class
6 The Failure of "Bourgeois Monarchy"
How Bourgeois was the Bourgeois Monarchy?
The Dangerous Middle Ground
Antibourgeois Universalism
Balzac's World
Conclusion: The Bourgeois, the Jew, and the American
Notes
Index
The Myth of the French Bourgeoisie: An Essay on the Social Imaginary, 1750-1850
by Sarah Maza
Harvard University Press, 2003 Paper: 978-0-674-01769-6 eISBN: 978-0-674-04072-4 Cloth: 978-0-674-01046-8
Who, exactly, were the French bourgeoisie? Unlike the Anglo-Americans, who widely embraced middle-class ideals and values, the French--even the most affluent and conservative--have always rejected and maligned bourgeois values and identity.
In this new approach to the old question of the bourgeoisie, Sarah Maza focuses on the crucial period before, during, and after the French Revolution, and offers a provocative answer: the French bourgeoisie has never existed. Despite the large numbers of respectable middling town-dwellers, no group identified themselves as bourgeois. Drawing on political and economic theory and history, personal and polemical writings, and works of fiction, Maza argues that the bourgeoisie was never the social norm. In fact, it functioned as a critical counter-norm, an imagined and threatening embodiment of materialism, self-interest, commercialism, and mass culture, which defined all that the French rejected.
A challenge to conventional wisdom about modern French history, this book poses broader questions about the role of anti-bourgeois sentiment in French culture, by suggesting parallels between the figures of the bourgeois, the Jew, and the American in the French social imaginary. It is a brilliant and timely foray into our beliefs and fantasies about the social world and our definition of a social class.
REVIEWS
This is a bold work on a big topic, based on wide erudition and deep reflection. Maza's consistent focus on what she calls "the social imaginary" enables her to stride with admirable briskness through the tangled landscape of this much studied and highly controversial era of French history. While not everyone will be convinced by Maza's claim that the French bourgeoisie did not exist, this book will transform the way we think about the problem.
-- William H. Sewell, Jr., University of Chicago
Maza presents an insightful essay dissecting the concept of the French bourgeoisie.
-- Alicia Austin France Today
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 The Social Imaginary in Prerevolutionary France
God-Given Order
Bourgeois Gentlemen
Rethinking Nobility
The Good Earth
2 Commerce, Luxury, and Family Love
Wealth, Circulation, and the New World of Objects
Luxury and "Les Moeurs"
Love, Tears, and Social Fusion
3 Revolutionary Brotherhood and the War
against Aristocracy
What Was the Third Estate?
Popular Violence and Propertied Citizens
Brothers in Arms
Defining the Enemy
4 The Social World after Thermidor
A Social Revolution?
In the Wake of the Terror
Historical Change and the New Aristocracy
Honor and the State
5 The Political Birth of the Bourgeoisie,
1815-1830
Industry without Bourgeoisie
The Politics of the Present
The Politics of the Past
Politics and Class
6 The Failure of "Bourgeois Monarchy"
How Bourgeois was the Bourgeois Monarchy?
The Dangerous Middle Ground
Antibourgeois Universalism
Balzac's World
Conclusion: The Bourgeois, the Jew, and the American
Notes
Index