Fame, Money, and Power: The Rise of Peisistratos and "Democratic" Tyranny at Athens
by Brian M. Lavelle
University of Michigan Press, 2005 eISBN: 978-0-472-02581-7 | Cloth: 978-0-472-11424-5 Library of Congress Classification DF224.P4L38 2005 Dewey Decimal Classification 938.502
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ABOUT THIS BOOK
"The sixth century is a very contentious time; Fame, Money, and Power unambiguously advances our understanding of Peisistratos and archaic Athens. No one else has tackled so many of the difficult issues that Lavelle has taken on."
--David Tandy, University of Tennessee
"Well researched and engaging, [Fame, Money, and Power] painstakingly builds [its] case for how the various phases of Peisistratos's career developed."
--Tony Podlecki, University of British Columbia
The Athenian "golden age" occurred in the fifth century B.C.E. and was attributed to their great achievements in art, literature, science, and philosophy. However, the most important achievement of the time was the political movement from tyranny to democracy. Though tyranny is thought to be democracy's opposite and deadly enemy, that is not always the case. In Fame, Money, and Power, Brian Lavelle states that the perceived polarity between tyranny and democracy does not reflect the truth in this instance.
The career of the tyrant Peisistratos resembles the careers and successes of early democratic soldier-politicians. As with any democratic political system, Peisistratos' governance depended upon the willingness of the Athenians who conceded governance to him. This book attempts to show how the rise of Peisistratos fits into an essentially democratic system already entrenched at Athens in the earlier sixth century B.C.E.
Emerging from the apparent backwater of eastern Attika, Peisistratos led the Athenians to victory over their neighbors, the Megarians, in a long, drawn out war. That victory earned him great popularity from the Athenians and propelled him along the road to monarchy. Yet, political success at Athens, even as Solon implies in his poems, depended upon the enrichment of the Athenian d?mos, not just fame and popularity. Peisistratos tried and failed two times to "root" his tyranny, his failures owing to a lack of sufficient money with which to appease the demos. Exiled from Athens, he spent the next ten years amassing money to enrich the Athenians and power to overcome his enemies. He then sustained his rule by grasping the realities of Athenian politics. Peisistratos' tyrannies were partnerships with the d?mos, the first two of which failed. His final formula for success, securing more money than his opponents possessed and then more resources for enriching the d?mos, provided the model for future democratic politicians of Athens who wanted to obtain and keep power in fifth-century Athens.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction I
1. Foreword I
2. Sources 9
3. Method 13
4. Democratic Tyranny 15
II. The Path to Fame
The Early Lfe and Career of Peisistratos 17
1. Introduction 17
2. Pylians and Neleidai 18
A. Testimony and Introduction 18
B. "Mycenaeans" in Eastern Attika 19
C. Political Advantages of the Neleid Myths 23
D. Conclusions 27
3. Family Background and Incipient Ambition 29
4. Peisistratos and the Megarian War 30
A. Background to the Peisistratan Phase of the War 30
i. The Stakes and Course of the War to the Late
Seventh Century B.C.E. 30
2. The Kylonian Episode, Its Results, and Their Significance
for the Megarian War 36
3. Solon and Salamis 45
B. Peisistratos' War Leadership 46
C. Megala Erga (Great Deeds) 49
D. Nisaia 52
I. The Testimonies ofAineias Taktikos and Others 52
2. Toward a Reconstruction from Context 56
E. Manipulation of Myth and the Megarian War 60
F Summary 64
III. Money, Persuasion, and Alliance
The Early Tyrannies of Peisistratos 66
1. Introduction 66
2. Peisistratos' First Tyranny 67
A. Herodotos and the "Parties" ofAttika 67
i. Introduction 67
2. The Solonian Factions 73
3. Solonian Context/Herodotean Conformance 76
4. Appearances and Realities in Herodotos 78
5. The Herodotean Context for the Parties 82
6. The Parties and the Deception of the Demos: Spliced
Strands of Explanation for the First Tyranny 83
7. The Herodotean Re-creation of Megakles' Role
in the Events 87
B. Reconstruction of Events Leading to Peisistratos' First Tyranny 89
C. Peisistratos' First Tyranny: Its Nature and Functioning 90
I. The Early "Partnership" with Megakles 90
2. The Akropolis and the "Club-Bearers" (komnephoroi) 92
3. Peisistratos' Governance and the End of the First Entente
with Megakles 96
3. Peisistratos'Second Tyranny 98
A. Introduction 98
B. Peisistratos and "Athena":The Significance of the
Phye Pageant 99
C. Peisistratos and Megakles' Daughter: A Father's
Righteous Indignation I07
D. Summary II2
I. Herodotos and Megakles 112
2. Peisistratos' Second Tyranny I 14
IV The Tide of Wealth and Power
Peisistratos' Exile, Return, and "Rooting" of the Tyranny 16
1. The Thracian Sojourn I16
A. Introduction:The Strategy for Return 116
B. Rhaikelos I19
I. Location of the Peisistratid Settlement II9
2. The Settlement's Nature and Functions I20
3. Peisistratos' Role in the Thermaic Gulf: Oikistes, Condottiere,
or Strategos? 121
4. Peisistratos' Company at Rhaikelos 123
5. Summary 125
C. The Strymon Enterprise 126
I. Introduction: Lures and Deterrents of the "Regions
around Pangaion" 126
2. Location of the Peisistratid Settlement 127
3. Peisistratos and the Mines of Pangaion 129
4. The Nature and Purpose of the Peisistradid Settlement on
the Strymon: The Examples of Histiaios and Aristagoras 131
5. Summary 133
2. The Pallene Campaign I34
A. Preliminaries: Eretria 134
I. Koisyra and the Eretrian Hippeis 134
2. Lygdamis and Deeds before Pallene 136
B. Resources 139
i. The "Catalogue" ofAllies 139
2. Peisistratos' Chremata and Its Uses 142
C. The Battle 143
I. Tactics Implied by Herodotos'Account 143
2. Pallene in Fifth-Century Context: Problems at Source 146
3. Toward Reconstruction 149
D. Aftermath I50
I. The End of the Campaign 150
2. Exiles and Hostages? 15I
3. Summary 153
V. Summary 155
1. The Three Reins of the "Democratic"Tyrant 155
A. Fame and Popularity I55
B. Chremata and Persuasion 157
C. Power Begetting Power 160
2. Reflections of the Sixth-Century Democratic
Prototype in Democratic Athens I62
A. The Formula for Leadership 162
B. Patterns of Tyrannical Behavior among Early
Democratic Athenian Leaders 163
APPENDICES
A. The Site of the Attic Deme Philaidai 17I
B. The Environment of Eastern Attika in the
Sixth Century B.C.E. I80
C. Prosopography I9I
D. Peisistratos' Chronology 2zI
E. The Origins of the Herodotean Parties 2I9
F. The Site of Rhaikelos 222
G. Peisistratos and the Purification of Delos
Actions and Intentions 228
H. Sophokles and Herodotos on the Foundations of Tyranny
Oedipous Tyrannos 540-42 23
Notes 237
Bibliography 335
Index 355
Illustrations following page 146
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
Fame, Money, and Power: The Rise of Peisistratos and "Democratic" Tyranny at Athens
by Brian M. Lavelle
University of Michigan Press, 2005 eISBN: 978-0-472-02581-7 Cloth: 978-0-472-11424-5
"The sixth century is a very contentious time; Fame, Money, and Power unambiguously advances our understanding of Peisistratos and archaic Athens. No one else has tackled so many of the difficult issues that Lavelle has taken on."
--David Tandy, University of Tennessee
"Well researched and engaging, [Fame, Money, and Power] painstakingly builds [its] case for how the various phases of Peisistratos's career developed."
--Tony Podlecki, University of British Columbia
The Athenian "golden age" occurred in the fifth century B.C.E. and was attributed to their great achievements in art, literature, science, and philosophy. However, the most important achievement of the time was the political movement from tyranny to democracy. Though tyranny is thought to be democracy's opposite and deadly enemy, that is not always the case. In Fame, Money, and Power, Brian Lavelle states that the perceived polarity between tyranny and democracy does not reflect the truth in this instance.
The career of the tyrant Peisistratos resembles the careers and successes of early democratic soldier-politicians. As with any democratic political system, Peisistratos' governance depended upon the willingness of the Athenians who conceded governance to him. This book attempts to show how the rise of Peisistratos fits into an essentially democratic system already entrenched at Athens in the earlier sixth century B.C.E.
Emerging from the apparent backwater of eastern Attika, Peisistratos led the Athenians to victory over their neighbors, the Megarians, in a long, drawn out war. That victory earned him great popularity from the Athenians and propelled him along the road to monarchy. Yet, political success at Athens, even as Solon implies in his poems, depended upon the enrichment of the Athenian d?mos, not just fame and popularity. Peisistratos tried and failed two times to "root" his tyranny, his failures owing to a lack of sufficient money with which to appease the demos. Exiled from Athens, he spent the next ten years amassing money to enrich the Athenians and power to overcome his enemies. He then sustained his rule by grasping the realities of Athenian politics. Peisistratos' tyrannies were partnerships with the d?mos, the first two of which failed. His final formula for success, securing more money than his opponents possessed and then more resources for enriching the d?mos, provided the model for future democratic politicians of Athens who wanted to obtain and keep power in fifth-century Athens.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction I
1. Foreword I
2. Sources 9
3. Method 13
4. Democratic Tyranny 15
II. The Path to Fame
The Early Lfe and Career of Peisistratos 17
1. Introduction 17
2. Pylians and Neleidai 18
A. Testimony and Introduction 18
B. "Mycenaeans" in Eastern Attika 19
C. Political Advantages of the Neleid Myths 23
D. Conclusions 27
3. Family Background and Incipient Ambition 29
4. Peisistratos and the Megarian War 30
A. Background to the Peisistratan Phase of the War 30
i. The Stakes and Course of the War to the Late
Seventh Century B.C.E. 30
2. The Kylonian Episode, Its Results, and Their Significance
for the Megarian War 36
3. Solon and Salamis 45
B. Peisistratos' War Leadership 46
C. Megala Erga (Great Deeds) 49
D. Nisaia 52
I. The Testimonies ofAineias Taktikos and Others 52
2. Toward a Reconstruction from Context 56
E. Manipulation of Myth and the Megarian War 60
F Summary 64
III. Money, Persuasion, and Alliance
The Early Tyrannies of Peisistratos 66
1. Introduction 66
2. Peisistratos' First Tyranny 67
A. Herodotos and the "Parties" ofAttika 67
i. Introduction 67
2. The Solonian Factions 73
3. Solonian Context/Herodotean Conformance 76
4. Appearances and Realities in Herodotos 78
5. The Herodotean Context for the Parties 82
6. The Parties and the Deception of the Demos: Spliced
Strands of Explanation for the First Tyranny 83
7. The Herodotean Re-creation of Megakles' Role
in the Events 87
B. Reconstruction of Events Leading to Peisistratos' First Tyranny 89
C. Peisistratos' First Tyranny: Its Nature and Functioning 90
I. The Early "Partnership" with Megakles 90
2. The Akropolis and the "Club-Bearers" (komnephoroi) 92
3. Peisistratos' Governance and the End of the First Entente
with Megakles 96
3. Peisistratos'Second Tyranny 98
A. Introduction 98
B. Peisistratos and "Athena":The Significance of the
Phye Pageant 99
C. Peisistratos and Megakles' Daughter: A Father's
Righteous Indignation I07
D. Summary II2
I. Herodotos and Megakles 112
2. Peisistratos' Second Tyranny I 14
IV The Tide of Wealth and Power
Peisistratos' Exile, Return, and "Rooting" of the Tyranny 16
1. The Thracian Sojourn I16
A. Introduction:The Strategy for Return 116
B. Rhaikelos I19
I. Location of the Peisistratid Settlement II9
2. The Settlement's Nature and Functions I20
3. Peisistratos' Role in the Thermaic Gulf: Oikistes, Condottiere,
or Strategos? 121
4. Peisistratos' Company at Rhaikelos 123
5. Summary 125
C. The Strymon Enterprise 126
I. Introduction: Lures and Deterrents of the "Regions
around Pangaion" 126
2. Location of the Peisistratid Settlement 127
3. Peisistratos and the Mines of Pangaion 129
4. The Nature and Purpose of the Peisistradid Settlement on
the Strymon: The Examples of Histiaios and Aristagoras 131
5. Summary 133
2. The Pallene Campaign I34
A. Preliminaries: Eretria 134
I. Koisyra and the Eretrian Hippeis 134
2. Lygdamis and Deeds before Pallene 136
B. Resources 139
i. The "Catalogue" ofAllies 139
2. Peisistratos' Chremata and Its Uses 142
C. The Battle 143
I. Tactics Implied by Herodotos'Account 143
2. Pallene in Fifth-Century Context: Problems at Source 146
3. Toward Reconstruction 149
D. Aftermath I50
I. The End of the Campaign 150
2. Exiles and Hostages? 15I
3. Summary 153
V. Summary 155
1. The Three Reins of the "Democratic"Tyrant 155
A. Fame and Popularity I55
B. Chremata and Persuasion 157
C. Power Begetting Power 160
2. Reflections of the Sixth-Century Democratic
Prototype in Democratic Athens I62
A. The Formula for Leadership 162
B. Patterns of Tyrannical Behavior among Early
Democratic Athenian Leaders 163
APPENDICES
A. The Site of the Attic Deme Philaidai 17I
B. The Environment of Eastern Attika in the
Sixth Century B.C.E. I80
C. Prosopography I9I
D. Peisistratos' Chronology 2zI
E. The Origins of the Herodotean Parties 2I9
F. The Site of Rhaikelos 222
G. Peisistratos and the Purification of Delos
Actions and Intentions 228
H. Sophokles and Herodotos on the Foundations of Tyranny
Oedipous Tyrannos 540-42 23
Notes 237
Bibliography 335
Index 355
Illustrations following page 146
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.