ABOUT THIS BOOK
An invaluable resource for students, scholars, and general readers, this highly regarded and widely used social history of medicine and public health in the United States is now available in a third edition. Extensively revised and updated, it includes twenty-one new essays; graphs illustrating the rise in deaths caused by HIV, homicide, and suicide; and a greatly expanded Guide to Further Reading. Entirely new sections on Sickness and Health, Early American Medicine, Therapeutics, the Art of Medicine, and Public Health and Personal Hygiene have been added, supplementing updated sections on the Science of Medicine, Education, the Allied Health Professions, Image and Income, Institutions, Race and Medicine, Epidemics, Public Health Reform, and Public Health and Medical Theory. An introductory essay and a series of historical photographs complement the articles.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Judith Walzer Leavitt is professor of history of medicine, history of science, and women’s studies and the associate dean for faculty at the medical school, University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her many books include The Healthiest City and Women and Health in America, both also available from the University of Wisconsin Press, and Typhoid Mary.  Ronald L. Numbers is William Coleman Professor of the History of Science and Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison. His many books include The Creationists, God and Nature, and Caring and Curing.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Contents 
• Preface to the Third Edition
• Sickness and Health: An Overview
• SICKNESS AND HEALTH
• 1. 
• American Physicians' “Discovery” of Homosexuals, 1880–1900: A New Diagnosis in a Changing Society
• Hansen, Bert
• 2. 
• Black Lung: Miners' Militancy and Medical Uncertainty, 1968–1972
• Fox, Daniel M.
• Stone, Judith F.
• EARLY AMERICAN MEDICINE
• 3. 
• Medicine in New England
• Christianson, Eric H.
• 4. 
• Martha Moore Ballard and the Medical Challenge to Midwifery
• Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher
• THERAPEUTICS
• 5. 
• From Specificity to Universalism in Medical Therapeutics: Transformation in the 19th-Century United States
• Warner, John Harley
• 6. 
• The Introduction of Antibiotics into Therapeutics
• Parascandola, John
• THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE
• 7. 
• Divided We Stand: Physiologists and Clinicians in the Amencan Context
• Geison, Gerald L.
• 8. 
• The Maturation of American Medical Science
• Numbers, Ronald L.
• Warner, John Harley
• THE ART OF MEDICINE
• 9. 
• “A Worrying Profession”: The Domestic Environment of Medical Practice in Mid-19th-century America
• Leavitt, Judith Walzer
• 10. 
• Seeing Themselves at Work: Physicians and the Case Narrative in the Mid-19th-century American South
• Stowe, Steven M.
• EDUCATION
• 11. 
• The German Model of Training Physicians in the United States, 1870–1914: How Closely Was It Followed?
• Bonner, Thomas Neville
• 12. 
• Abraham Flexner in Perspective: American Medical Education, 1865–1910
• Hudson, Robert P.
• THE ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS
• 13. 
• The “Connecting Link”: The Case for the Woman Doctor in 19th-Century America
• Morantz-Sanchez, Regina
• 14. 
• The Fall and Rise of the American Medical Profession
• Numbers, Ronald L.
• 15. 
• The Training and Practice of Midwives: A Wisconsin Study
• Borst, Charlotte G.
• 16. 
• “Neither for the Drawing Room Nor for the Kitchen”: Private Duty Nursing in Boston, 1873–1920
• Reverby, Susan
• IMAGE AND INCOME
• 17. 
• The Third Party: Health Insurance in America
• Numbers, Ronald L.
• 18. 
• American Medicines Golden AGE: What Happened to It?
• Burnham, John C.
• Pictorial Essay on Sickness and Health in America
• INSTITUTIONS
• 19. 
• Social Class and Medical Care in 19th-Century America: The Rise and Fall of the Dispensary
• Rosenberg, Charles E.
• 20. 
• Patrons, Practitioners, and Patients: The Voluntary Hospital in Mid-Victorian Boston
• Vogel, Morris J.
• 21. 
• The Severely and Chronically Mentally Ill in America: Retrospect and Prospect
• Grob, Gerald N.
• RACE AND MEDICINE
• 22. 
• Black Health on the Plantation: Masters, Shves, and Physicians
• Savitt, Todd L.
• 23. 
• Roots of the Black Hospital Reform Movement
• Gamble, Vanessa Northington
• 24. 
• Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study
• Brandt, Allan M.
• EPIDEMICS
• 25. 
• “Be Safe. Be Sure.”: New York City's Experience with Epidemic Smallpox
• Leavitt, Judith Walzer
• 26. 
• Social Impact of Disease in the Late 19th Century
• Duffy, John
• 27. 
• Aids in Historical Perspective: Four Lessons from the History of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Brandt, Allan M.
• PUBLIC HEALTH REFORM
• 28. 
• Sanitary Reform in New York City Stephen Smith and the Passage of the Metropolitan Health Bill
• Brieger, Gert H.
• 29. 
• The Decline in Mortality in Philadelphia from 1870 to 1930: The Role of Municipal Services
• Condran, Gretchen A.
• Williams, Henry
• Cheney, Rose A.
• 30. 
• The Early Movement for Occupational Safety and Health, 1900–1917
• Rosner, David
• Markowitz, Gerald
• PUBLIC HEALTH AND PERSONAL HYGIENE
• 31. 
• The Design of Reform: The Public Bath Movement in America
• Glassberg, David
• 32. 
• The Cigarette, Risk, and American Culture
• Brandt, Allan M.
• 33. 
• The Private Side of Public Health: Sanitary Science, Domestic Hygiene, and the Germ Theory, 1870–1900
• Tomes, Nancy
• PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICAL THEORY
• 34. 
• Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System
• Cain, Louis P.
• 35. 
• Dirt, Flies, and Immigrants: Explaining the Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis, 1900–1916
• Rogers, Naomi
• 36. 
• “Typhoid Mary” Strikes Back: Bacteriological Theory and Practice in Early 20th-century Public Health
• Leavitt, Judith Walzer
• A Guide to Further Reading
• Abbreviations of Journal Titles

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