The Perfection of Nature: Animals, Breeding, and Race in the Renaissance
by Mackenzie Cooley
University of Chicago Press, 2022 Cloth: 978-0-226-82226-6 | eISBN: 978-0-226-82227-3 | Paper: 978-0-226-82228-0 Library of Congress Classification SF105.C67 2022 Dewey Decimal Classification 636.082
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK A deep history of how Renaissance Italy and the Spanish empire were shaped by a lingering fascination with breeding.
The Renaissance is celebrated for the belief that individuals could fashion themselves to greatness, but there is a dark undercurrent to this fêted era of history. The same men and women who offered profound advancements in European understanding of the human condition—and laid the foundations of the Scientific Revolution—were also obsessed with controlling that condition and the wider natural world.
Tracing early modern artisanal practice, Mackenzie Cooley shows how the idea of race and theories of inheritance developed through animal breeding in the shadow of the Spanish Empire. While one strand of the Renaissance celebrated a liberal view of human potential, another limited it by biology, reducing man to beast and prince to stud. “Race,” Cooley explains, first referred to animal stock honed through breeding. To those who invented the concept, race was not inflexible, but the fragile result of reproductive work. As the Spanish empire expanded, the concept of race moved from nonhuman to human animals. Cooley reveals how, as the dangerous idea of controlled reproduction was brought to life again and again, a rich, complex, and ever-shifting language of race and breeding was born.
Adding nuance and historical context to discussions of race and human and animal relations, The Perfection of Nature provides a close reading of undertheorized notions of generation and its discontents in the more-than-human world.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Mackenzie Cooley is assistant professor of history and director of the Latin American Studies program at Hamilton College in New York.
REVIEWS
"How can one breed animals to create a better nature? The Perfection of Nature offers a prodigiously rich narrative of the sixteenth-century infatuation with this deceptively simple question. In a stunningly insightful volume, Cooley offers a comprehensive overview of how farmers, breeders and natural philosophers across the Atlantic attempted to improve upon the natural world that surrounded them, with varying degrees of success and often unintended results. The Perfection of Nature is a major accomplishment that offers an inspiring, thought-provoking, and refreshingly original account of how the European encounter with the America reshaped the animal world and the way humans think both about animals and themselves. This is history of science, animal studies, environmental history and Atlantic history of the best kind."
— Dániel Margócsy, University of Cambridge
"In this important contribution to the prehistory of modern race thinking, Cooley traces ideas and practices relating to the breeding of animals in early modern Italy, Spain, and pre-Spanish and Spanish America. Using archival, manuscript, and visual sources, she untangles changing understandings of inheritance, lineage, and difference as they related to the dogs, horses, camelids, and, occasionally, humans of the Old and New Worlds."
— Katharine Park, Harvard University
“This is a terrific book on an important and timely topic: as humans study the reproduction of characteristics in animals and plants, how do they apply what they learn to the reproduction of characteristics in humans? Cooley’s fascinating exploration maps breeding knowledge and practices in sixteenth century Europe and the Americas onto a new discourse of race. Her travels take us across boundaries of geography and species, from Italy to Mexico, from maize to camelids, horses, and humans, in order to teach us how agriculture has informed (in)humanity.”
— David Nirenberg, Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chicago
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
A Note on Terms and Orthography
Introduction
Part I
Knowing and Controlling Animal Generation
Chapter 1
Breeders as Philosophers
Chapter 2 Razza-Making and Branding
Part II
A Divergence in Breeding
Chapter 3 Razza-Making at a European Court
Chapter 4
Corn, Seed, Blood in Mesoamerica
Part III
A Brave New Natural World
Chapter 5
Canine Mestizaje
Chapter 6
Camelids and Christian Nature
Part IV
Difference in European Thought
Chapter 7
Thinking Through Conversion, Lineage, and Population: José de Acosta
Chapter 8
Seeing Inside from the Outside: Giovanni Battista della Porta
Epilogue
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
Index
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
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Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
The Perfection of Nature: Animals, Breeding, and Race in the Renaissance
by Mackenzie Cooley
University of Chicago Press, 2022 Cloth: 978-0-226-82226-6 eISBN: 978-0-226-82227-3 Paper: 978-0-226-82228-0
A deep history of how Renaissance Italy and the Spanish empire were shaped by a lingering fascination with breeding.
The Renaissance is celebrated for the belief that individuals could fashion themselves to greatness, but there is a dark undercurrent to this fêted era of history. The same men and women who offered profound advancements in European understanding of the human condition—and laid the foundations of the Scientific Revolution—were also obsessed with controlling that condition and the wider natural world.
Tracing early modern artisanal practice, Mackenzie Cooley shows how the idea of race and theories of inheritance developed through animal breeding in the shadow of the Spanish Empire. While one strand of the Renaissance celebrated a liberal view of human potential, another limited it by biology, reducing man to beast and prince to stud. “Race,” Cooley explains, first referred to animal stock honed through breeding. To those who invented the concept, race was not inflexible, but the fragile result of reproductive work. As the Spanish empire expanded, the concept of race moved from nonhuman to human animals. Cooley reveals how, as the dangerous idea of controlled reproduction was brought to life again and again, a rich, complex, and ever-shifting language of race and breeding was born.
Adding nuance and historical context to discussions of race and human and animal relations, The Perfection of Nature provides a close reading of undertheorized notions of generation and its discontents in the more-than-human world.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Mackenzie Cooley is assistant professor of history and director of the Latin American Studies program at Hamilton College in New York.
REVIEWS
"How can one breed animals to create a better nature? The Perfection of Nature offers a prodigiously rich narrative of the sixteenth-century infatuation with this deceptively simple question. In a stunningly insightful volume, Cooley offers a comprehensive overview of how farmers, breeders and natural philosophers across the Atlantic attempted to improve upon the natural world that surrounded them, with varying degrees of success and often unintended results. The Perfection of Nature is a major accomplishment that offers an inspiring, thought-provoking, and refreshingly original account of how the European encounter with the America reshaped the animal world and the way humans think both about animals and themselves. This is history of science, animal studies, environmental history and Atlantic history of the best kind."
— Dániel Margócsy, University of Cambridge
"In this important contribution to the prehistory of modern race thinking, Cooley traces ideas and practices relating to the breeding of animals in early modern Italy, Spain, and pre-Spanish and Spanish America. Using archival, manuscript, and visual sources, she untangles changing understandings of inheritance, lineage, and difference as they related to the dogs, horses, camelids, and, occasionally, humans of the Old and New Worlds."
— Katharine Park, Harvard University
“This is a terrific book on an important and timely topic: as humans study the reproduction of characteristics in animals and plants, how do they apply what they learn to the reproduction of characteristics in humans? Cooley’s fascinating exploration maps breeding knowledge and practices in sixteenth century Europe and the Americas onto a new discourse of race. Her travels take us across boundaries of geography and species, from Italy to Mexico, from maize to camelids, horses, and humans, in order to teach us how agriculture has informed (in)humanity.”
— David Nirenberg, Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chicago
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
A Note on Terms and Orthography
Introduction
Part I
Knowing and Controlling Animal Generation
Chapter 1
Breeders as Philosophers
Chapter 2 Razza-Making and Branding
Part II
A Divergence in Breeding
Chapter 3 Razza-Making at a European Court
Chapter 4
Corn, Seed, Blood in Mesoamerica
Part III
A Brave New Natural World
Chapter 5
Canine Mestizaje
Chapter 6
Camelids and Christian Nature
Part IV
Difference in European Thought
Chapter 7
Thinking Through Conversion, Lineage, and Population: José de Acosta
Chapter 8
Seeing Inside from the Outside: Giovanni Battista della Porta
Epilogue
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
Index
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE