The Museum on the Roof of the World: Art, Politics, and the Representation of Tibet
by Clare E. Harris
University of Chicago Press, 2012 Paper: 978-0-226-21317-0 | Cloth: 978-0-226-31747-2 | eISBN: 978-0-226-31750-2 Library of Congress Classification N7346.T5H37 2012 Dewey Decimal Classification 709.515
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
For millions of people around the world, Tibet is a domain of undisturbed tradition, the Dalai Lama a spiritual guide. By contrast, the Tibet Museum opened in Lhasa by the Chinese in 1999 was designed to reclassify Tibetan objects as cultural relics and the Dalai Lama as obsolete. Suggesting that both these views are suspect, Clare E. Harris argues in The Museum on the Roof of the World that for the past one hundred and fifty years, British and Chinese collectors and curators have tried to convert Tibet itself into a museum, an image some Tibetans have begun to contest. This book is a powerful account of the museums created by, for, or on behalf of Tibetans and the nationalist agendas that have played out in them.
Harris begins with the British public’s first encounter with Tibetan culture in 1854. She then examines the role of imperial collectors and photographers in representations of the region and visits competing museums of Tibet in India and Lhasa. Drawing on fieldwork in Tibetan communities, she also documents the activities of contemporary Tibetan artists as they try to displace the utopian visions of their country prevalent in the West, as well as the negative assessments of their heritage common in China. Illustrated with many previously unpublished images, this book addresses the pressing question of who has the right to represent Tibet in museums and beyond.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Clare E. Harris is professor of visual anthropology in the School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography at the University of Oxford, curator for Asian collections at the Pitt Rivers Museum, and a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. She is the author of In the Image of Tibet: Tibetan Painting after 1959.
REVIEWS
“A fascinating study of how Tibet’s art and imagery was pressed into the service of two imperial powers, Britain and Communist China, to provide the rationalizations for their respective ‘missions civilisatrice’ into Tibet—the Younghusband expedition of 1904, and China’s ‘Peaceful Liberation’ of 1950 and ongoing occupation. Clare E. Harris’s instructive art history does not lack in entertaining anecdotes and arcana, of which ‘the Skull of Confucius’ alone is worth the price of the book.”
— Jamyang Norbu, author of Mandala of Sherlock Holmes and Shadow Tibet
“The Museum on the Roof of the World overturns old stereotypes, makes new discoveries, and is filled with insights about the many sad ironies in the historical experience of Tibet between the late eighteenth century and the present. Clare E. Harris knows Tibet, its history and culture, contemporary life of Tibetans in exile, and Tibetans still in the Tibet Autonomous Region. She strikes a wonderful balance between generalized observations and detailed explication, successfully documenting the aims of Tibetan museums and revealing the dubious claims of ownership of Tibetan art. Well illustrated and accessible, this book will appeal to audiences in critical museology, Tibetology, history of photography, anthropology, and postcolonial studies.”
— Robert Linrothe, Northwestern University
“In The Museum on the Roof of the World, Clare E. Harris provides a coherent, wonderfully readable, gripping account of the modern encounter with Tibet, in which she brings together a wealth of detail couched in a rhetorical framework of postcolonialist anthropology and museology. This is an important, original book with a timely focus.”
— Patricia Berger, University of California, Berkeley
“Oxford anthropologist Harris provides a highly readable discussion of the ways in which political power has shaped perceptions of Tibet and its material culture, and how contemporary Tibetans are appropriating the ‘soft power’ of art as a political tool. . . . Highly recommended.”
— Choice
“Written with elegance, clarity and passionate objectivity . . . Harris takes us from skull drums and thangkas to New Buddhism and the world of contemporary Tibetan artists at home and in exile, explicating the crisis of Tibetan identity and culture. Harris gives us a highly focused contribution to the discourse on the postcolonial world that is also a pleasure to read.”
— ArtAsiaPacific
“Clare Harris’s works are consistently novel and full of unique ironic twists and marvelous insight, a treat for the world-weary on roads far too traveled. Innovation and creativity are rare in modern Tibet studies, so it is with eager anticipation that one should always approach Harris’s writings. The reader of The Museum on the Roof of the World will not be disappointed. She is as magical in this book as reindeer flying through the skies and as entertaining as Santa squeezing through the chimney.”
— Asian Ethnologist
"In The Museum on the Roof of the World: Art, Politics, and the Representation of Tibet, Clare Harris treats us to a beautifully written, carefully documented, and pleasantly devious sally into the troubled currents and feedbacks linking Tibetans, British imperialists, Chinese communists, and, in the post-Mao, post-modern art world, Tibetans again, through the sharing and appropriation of images. Harris is a canny and subtle interpreter of this visual culture, its intended messages and inadvertent innuendos. Full of brilliant and illustrative stories uncovered by thorough archival work and intimate knowledge of the relevant sources and collections, The Museum on the Roof of the World explores the various techniques instrumentalized by the imperial powers of Great Britain and China to control their colonies, as well as others’ knowledge of them, by the dislocation and appropriation of artifacts, and the effective transformation of the colonized society into a museum. In this mature work of scholarship, whose imagistic riches should open one’s eyes to fresh perspectives in the interpretation of contemporary culture, Clare Harris achieves that rare contribution in which the reader discovers new learning while reveling in the delights of a page-turner."
— Association for Asian Studies, Announcement for the E. Gene Smith Book Prize
“Harris’ account of Tibetan contemporary art is by far the most comprehensive and incisive published to date. . . . The Museum on the Roof of the World is a book that richly rewards the reader, including those who have made it their business to study Tibet, its history, and its culture, with new and fascinating insights.”
— Numen
“The Museum on the Roof of the World is a welcome addition to the literature on museums and nationalism, and makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of how the leadership of the modern Chinese state used European imperialist techniques, like building museums, to gain control of the multi-ethnic Qing territories.”
— newbooks.asia
“Exceptionally original and superlative in terms of the sheer range of its research materials, the sensitivity of its approach and content, the nuanced style of the writing, and its contributions to various theoretical concerns. . . . Harris’s book is a remarkable work that reveals how one state and its culture can have changing and even multiple identities when placed in different national and political contexts over time.”
— Art Bulletin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Introduction
1 The Tibet Museum in the West
2 The Younghusband Mission and Tibetan Art
3 Picturing Tibet for the Imperial Archive
4 Photography and the Politics of Memory
5 The Tibet Museum in Exile
6 The Tibet Museum in Lhasa
7 The Invention of Tibetan Contemporary Art
8 The Buddha Goes Global
Acknowledgments
A Note on Languages
Notes
References
Index
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
The Museum on the Roof of the World: Art, Politics, and the Representation of Tibet
by Clare E. Harris
University of Chicago Press, 2012 Paper: 978-0-226-21317-0 Cloth: 978-0-226-31747-2 eISBN: 978-0-226-31750-2
For millions of people around the world, Tibet is a domain of undisturbed tradition, the Dalai Lama a spiritual guide. By contrast, the Tibet Museum opened in Lhasa by the Chinese in 1999 was designed to reclassify Tibetan objects as cultural relics and the Dalai Lama as obsolete. Suggesting that both these views are suspect, Clare E. Harris argues in The Museum on the Roof of the World that for the past one hundred and fifty years, British and Chinese collectors and curators have tried to convert Tibet itself into a museum, an image some Tibetans have begun to contest. This book is a powerful account of the museums created by, for, or on behalf of Tibetans and the nationalist agendas that have played out in them.
Harris begins with the British public’s first encounter with Tibetan culture in 1854. She then examines the role of imperial collectors and photographers in representations of the region and visits competing museums of Tibet in India and Lhasa. Drawing on fieldwork in Tibetan communities, she also documents the activities of contemporary Tibetan artists as they try to displace the utopian visions of their country prevalent in the West, as well as the negative assessments of their heritage common in China. Illustrated with many previously unpublished images, this book addresses the pressing question of who has the right to represent Tibet in museums and beyond.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Clare E. Harris is professor of visual anthropology in the School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography at the University of Oxford, curator for Asian collections at the Pitt Rivers Museum, and a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. She is the author of In the Image of Tibet: Tibetan Painting after 1959.
REVIEWS
“A fascinating study of how Tibet’s art and imagery was pressed into the service of two imperial powers, Britain and Communist China, to provide the rationalizations for their respective ‘missions civilisatrice’ into Tibet—the Younghusband expedition of 1904, and China’s ‘Peaceful Liberation’ of 1950 and ongoing occupation. Clare E. Harris’s instructive art history does not lack in entertaining anecdotes and arcana, of which ‘the Skull of Confucius’ alone is worth the price of the book.”
— Jamyang Norbu, author of Mandala of Sherlock Holmes and Shadow Tibet
“The Museum on the Roof of the World overturns old stereotypes, makes new discoveries, and is filled with insights about the many sad ironies in the historical experience of Tibet between the late eighteenth century and the present. Clare E. Harris knows Tibet, its history and culture, contemporary life of Tibetans in exile, and Tibetans still in the Tibet Autonomous Region. She strikes a wonderful balance between generalized observations and detailed explication, successfully documenting the aims of Tibetan museums and revealing the dubious claims of ownership of Tibetan art. Well illustrated and accessible, this book will appeal to audiences in critical museology, Tibetology, history of photography, anthropology, and postcolonial studies.”
— Robert Linrothe, Northwestern University
“In The Museum on the Roof of the World, Clare E. Harris provides a coherent, wonderfully readable, gripping account of the modern encounter with Tibet, in which she brings together a wealth of detail couched in a rhetorical framework of postcolonialist anthropology and museology. This is an important, original book with a timely focus.”
— Patricia Berger, University of California, Berkeley
“Oxford anthropologist Harris provides a highly readable discussion of the ways in which political power has shaped perceptions of Tibet and its material culture, and how contemporary Tibetans are appropriating the ‘soft power’ of art as a political tool. . . . Highly recommended.”
— Choice
“Written with elegance, clarity and passionate objectivity . . . Harris takes us from skull drums and thangkas to New Buddhism and the world of contemporary Tibetan artists at home and in exile, explicating the crisis of Tibetan identity and culture. Harris gives us a highly focused contribution to the discourse on the postcolonial world that is also a pleasure to read.”
— ArtAsiaPacific
“Clare Harris’s works are consistently novel and full of unique ironic twists and marvelous insight, a treat for the world-weary on roads far too traveled. Innovation and creativity are rare in modern Tibet studies, so it is with eager anticipation that one should always approach Harris’s writings. The reader of The Museum on the Roof of the World will not be disappointed. She is as magical in this book as reindeer flying through the skies and as entertaining as Santa squeezing through the chimney.”
— Asian Ethnologist
"In The Museum on the Roof of the World: Art, Politics, and the Representation of Tibet, Clare Harris treats us to a beautifully written, carefully documented, and pleasantly devious sally into the troubled currents and feedbacks linking Tibetans, British imperialists, Chinese communists, and, in the post-Mao, post-modern art world, Tibetans again, through the sharing and appropriation of images. Harris is a canny and subtle interpreter of this visual culture, its intended messages and inadvertent innuendos. Full of brilliant and illustrative stories uncovered by thorough archival work and intimate knowledge of the relevant sources and collections, The Museum on the Roof of the World explores the various techniques instrumentalized by the imperial powers of Great Britain and China to control their colonies, as well as others’ knowledge of them, by the dislocation and appropriation of artifacts, and the effective transformation of the colonized society into a museum. In this mature work of scholarship, whose imagistic riches should open one’s eyes to fresh perspectives in the interpretation of contemporary culture, Clare Harris achieves that rare contribution in which the reader discovers new learning while reveling in the delights of a page-turner."
— Association for Asian Studies, Announcement for the E. Gene Smith Book Prize
“Harris’ account of Tibetan contemporary art is by far the most comprehensive and incisive published to date. . . . The Museum on the Roof of the World is a book that richly rewards the reader, including those who have made it their business to study Tibet, its history, and its culture, with new and fascinating insights.”
— Numen
“The Museum on the Roof of the World is a welcome addition to the literature on museums and nationalism, and makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of how the leadership of the modern Chinese state used European imperialist techniques, like building museums, to gain control of the multi-ethnic Qing territories.”
— newbooks.asia
“Exceptionally original and superlative in terms of the sheer range of its research materials, the sensitivity of its approach and content, the nuanced style of the writing, and its contributions to various theoretical concerns. . . . Harris’s book is a remarkable work that reveals how one state and its culture can have changing and even multiple identities when placed in different national and political contexts over time.”
— Art Bulletin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Introduction
1 The Tibet Museum in the West
2 The Younghusband Mission and Tibetan Art
3 Picturing Tibet for the Imperial Archive
4 Photography and the Politics of Memory
5 The Tibet Museum in Exile
6 The Tibet Museum in Lhasa
7 The Invention of Tibetan Contemporary Art
8 The Buddha Goes Global
Acknowledgments
A Note on Languages
Notes
References
Index
REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you
with an electronic file for alternative access.
Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.
It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE